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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 1, Issue 10 993-1001, Copyright © 1989 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression around Sites of Attempted Fungal Infection in Parsley Leaves
E. Schmelzer, S. Kruger-Lebus and K. Hahlbrock
Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung, Abteilung Biochemie, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, D-5000 Koln 30, Federal Republic of Germany
We analyzed the expression patterns of several pathogen defense-related
genes in primary leaf buds of parsley by in situ RNA hybridization. Labeled
antisense RNA probes were generated from seven selected cDNAs detecting
transcripts from genes that are rapidly and strongly activated in cultured
parsley cells upon treatment with fungal elicitor. These genes encode two
enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, a furanocoumarin-specific bergaptol
O-methyltransferase, one pathogenesis-related protein, and three less well
characterized proteins, designated as ELI 3, ELI 5, and ELI 7. In
uninfected tissue, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase
mRNA levels were high in epidermal cells, oil-duct epithelial cells, and
cells of the developing xylem; bergaptol O-methyltransferase mRNA was
confined to oil-duct epithelial cells; and the pathogenesis-related protein
and ELI 3, ELI 5, and ELI 7 mRNAs were undetectable. All seven mRNAs
accumulated transiently and locally around infection sites caused by the
soybean-pathogenic fungus Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, to which
parsley is nonhost-resistant. The observed late appearance of bergaptol
O-methyltransferase mRNA, as compared with all other mRNAs, is in accord
with a similar relative timing of transient gene activation in
elicitor-treated cell cultures. Sharp borders were observed between the
infection center, where hypersensitive cell death had occurred in response
to fungal penetration, the surrounding area of local gene activation, and
the remainder of the tissue not showing any apparent response. Some of the
genes were also activated, although less sharply localized, upon wounding
of parsley leaves.
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