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Plant Cell, Vol. 10, 1677-1690, October 1998, Copyright © 1998, American Society of Plant Physiologists

The Arabidopsis DIMINUTO/DWARF1 Gene Encodes a Protein Involved in Steroid Synthesis

Ulrich Klahrea, Takahiro Noguchib,c, Shozo Fujiokab, Suguru Takatsutod, Takao Yokotae, Takahito Nomuraf, Shigeo Yoshidab, and Nam-Hai Chuaa
a Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021-6399
b Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
c Tama Biochemical Co., Ltd., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-0704, Japan
d Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943-8512, Japan
e Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan
f Department of Science of Plant and Animal Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan

Correspondence to: Nam-Hai Chua, chua{at}rockvax.rockefeller.edu (E-mail), 212-327-8327 (fax).

We have identified the function of the Arabidopsis DIMINUTO/DWARF1 (DIM/DWF1) gene by analyzing the dim mutant, a severe dwarf with greatly reduced fertility. Both the mutant phenotype and gene expression could be rescued by the addition of exogenous brassinolide. Analysis of endogenous sterols demonstrated that dim accumulates 24-methylenecholesterol but is deficient in campesterol, an early precursor of brassinolide. In addition, we show that dim is deficient in brassinosteroids as well. Feeding experiments using deuterium-labeled 24-methylenecholesterol and 24-methyldesmosterol confirmed that DIM/DWF1 is involved in both the isomerization and reduction of the {Delta}24(28) bond. This conversion is not required in cholesterol biosynthesis in animals but is a key step in the biosynthesis of plant sterols. Transient expression of a green fluorescent protein–DIM/DWF1 fusion protein and biochemical experiments showed that DIM/DWF1 is an integral membrane protein that most probably is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.




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