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Plant Cell, Vol. 10, 1791-1800, November 1998, Copyright © 1998, American Society of Plant Physiologists

Nuclear Localization Signal Receptor Importin {alpha} Associates with the Cytoskeleton

Harley M. S. Smitha and Natasha V. Raikhela
a Department of Energy–Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312

Correspondence to: Natasha V. Raikhel, nraikhel{at}pilot.msu.edu (E-mail), 517-353-9168 (fax).

Importin {alpha} is the nuclear localization signal (NLS) receptor that is involved in the nuclear import of proteins containing basic NLSs. Using importin {alpha} as a tool, we were interested in determining whether the cytoskeleton could function in the transport of NLS-containing proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Double-labeling immunofluorescence studies showed that most of the cytoplasmic importin {alpha} coaligned with microtubules and microfilaments in tobacco protoplasts. Treatment of tobacco protoplasts with microtubule- or microfilament-depolymerizing agents disrupted the strands of importin {alpha} in the cytoplasm, whereas a microtubule-stabilizing agent had no effect. Biochemical analysis showed that importin {alpha} associated with microtubules and microfilaments in vitro in an NLS-dependent manner. The interaction of importin {alpha} with the cytoskeleton could be an essential element of protein transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in vivo.




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