The Arabidopsis RGA Gene Encodes a Transcriptional Regulator Repressing the Gibberellin Signal Transduction Pathway

Correspondence to: Tai-ping Sun, tps{at}acpub.duke.edu (E-mail), 919-613-8177 (fax).

The recessive rga mutation is able to partially suppress phenotypic defects of the Arabidopsis gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic mutant ga1-3. Defects in stem elongation, flowering time, and leaf abaxial trichome initiation are suppressed by rga. This indicates that RGA is a negative regulator of the GA signal transduction pathway. We have identified 10 additional alleles of rga from a fast-neutron mutagenized ga1-3 population and used them to isolate the RGA gene by genomic subtraction. Our data suggest that RGA may be functioning as a transcriptional regulator. RGA was found to be a member of the VHIID regulatory family, which includes the radial root organizing gene SCARECROW and another GA signal transduction repressor, GAI. RGA and GAI proteins share a high degree of homology, but their N termini are more divergent. The presence of several structural features, including homopolymeric serine and threonine residues, a putative nuclear localization signal, leucine heptad repeats, and an LXXLL motif, indicates that the RGA protein may be a transcriptional regulator that represses the GA response. In support of the putative nuclear localization signal, we demonstrated that a transiently expressed green fluorescent protein–RGA fusion protein is localized to the nucleus in onion epidermal cells. Because the rga mutation abolished the high level of expression of the GA biosynthetic gene GA4 in the ga1-3 mutant background, we conclude that RGA may also play a role in controlling GA biosynthesis.

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				E. van der Knaap, J. H. Kim, and H. Kende A Novel Gibberellin-Induced Gene from Rice and Its Potential Regulatory Role in Stem Growth Plant Physiology, March 1, 2000; 122(3): 695 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L Russell, V Larner, S Kurup, S Bougourd, and M Holdsworth The Arabidopsis COMATOSE locus regulates germination potential Development, January 9, 2000; 127(17): 3759 - 3767. [Abstract] [PDF]

				F. Gosti, N. Beaudoin, C. Serizet, A. A. R. Webb, N. Vartanian, and J. Giraudat ABI1 Protein Phosphatase 2C Is a Negative Regulator of Abscisic Acid Signaling PLANT CELL, October 1, 1999; 11(10): 1897 - 1910. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. Vivian-Smith and A. M. Koltunow Genetic Analysis of Growth-Regulator-Induced Parthenocarpy in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, October 1, 1999; 121(2): 437 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Ashikari, J. Wu, M. Yano, T. Sasaki, and A. Yoshimura Rice gibberellin-insensitive dwarf mutant gene Dwarf 1 encodes the alpha -subunit of GTP-binding protein PNAS, August 31, 1999; 96(18): 10284 - 10289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Fridborg, S. Kuusk, T. Moritz, and E. Sundberg The Arabidopsis Dwarf Mutant shi Exhibits Reduced Gibberellin Responses Conferred by Overexpression of a New Putative Zinc Finger Protein PLANT CELL, June 1, 1999; 11(6): 1019 - 1032. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. van der Knaap, W.-Y. Song, D.-L. Ruan, M. Sauter, P. C. Ronald, and H. Kende Expression of a Gibberellin-Induced Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Protein Kinase in Deepwater Rice and Its Interaction with Kinase-Associated Protein Phosphatase Plant Physiology, June 1, 1999; 120(2): 559 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Peng, D. E. Richards, T. Moritz, A. Caño-Delgado, and N. P. Harberd Extragenic Suppressors of the Arabidopsis gai Mutation Alter the Dose-Response Relationship of Diverse Gibberellin Responses Plant Physiology, April 1, 1999; 119(4): 1199 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R Ruiz-Medrano, B Xoconostle-Cazares, and W. Lucas Phloem long-distance transport of CmNACP mRNA: implications for supracellular regulation in plants Development, January 10, 1999; 126(20): 4405 - 4419. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. Schumacher, T. Schmitt, M. Rossberg, G. Schmitz, and K. Theres The Lateral suppressor (Ls) gene of tomato encodes a new member of the VHIID protein family PNAS, January 5, 1999; 96(1): 290 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]