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Plant Cell, Vol. 10, 659-672, May 1998, Copyright © 1998, American Society of Plant Physiologists
Rhizobium Nod Factor Signaling: Evidence for a G ProteinMediated Transduction Mechanism
Jean-Luc Pingreta,
Etienne-Pascal Journeta, and
David G. Barkera
a Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plantes-Microorganismes, INRA-CNRS UMR215, BP 27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
Correspondence to:
David G. Barker, barker{at}toulouse.inra.fr (E-mail), 33-561285061 (fax).
Rhizobium nodulation (Nod) factors are lipochitooligosaccharide signals that elicit key symbiotic developmental responses in the host legume root. In this study, we have investigated Nod factor signal transduction in the Medicago root epidermis by using a pharmacological approach in conjunction with transgenic plants expressing the Nod factorresponsive reporter construct pMtENOD12GUS. Evidence for the participation of heterotrimeric G proteins in Nod factor signaling has come from three complementary observations: (1) the amphiphilic peptides mastoparan and Mas7, known G protein agonists, are able to mimic Nod factorinduced epidermal MtENOD12 expression; (2) growth of plants in nodulation-inhibiting conditions (10 mM NH4NO3) leads to a dramatic reduction in both Nod factor and mastoparan-elicited gene expression; and (3) bacterial pertussis toxin, a well-characterized G protein antagonist, blocks the activities of both the Nod factor and mastoparan. In addition, we have found that antagonists that interfere with phospholipase C activity (neomycin and U73122) and Ca2+ influx/release (EGTA, La3+, and ruthenium red) block Nod factor/mastoparan activity. Taken together, these results are consistent with a Nod factor signal transduction mechanism involving G protein mediation coupled to the activation of both phosphoinositide and Ca2+ second messenger pathways.
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