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Plant Cell, Vol. 11, 2317-2330, December 1999, Copyright © 1999, American Society of Plant Physiologists

Linker Histones Play a Role in Male Meiosis and the Development of Pollen Grains in Tobacco

Marta Prymakowska-Bosaka, Marcin R. Przewlokaa, Joanna Slusarczykb, Mieczyslaw Kurasb, Jacek Lichotaa, Beata Kilianczyka,c, and Andrzej Jerzmanowskia,c
a Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Warsaw University, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
b Laboratory of Plant Morphogenesis, Warsaw University, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
c Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland

Correspondence to: Andrzej Jerzmanowski, andyj{at}ibb.waw.pl (E-mail), 4822-6584636 (fax)

To examine the function of linker histone variants, we produced transgenic tobacco plants in which major somatic histone variants H1A and H1B were present at ~25% of their usual amounts in tobacco chromatin. The decrease in these major variants was accompanied by a compensatory increase in the four minor variants, namely, H1C to H1F. These minor variants are smaller and less highly charged than the major variants. This change offered a unique opportunity to examine the consequences to a plant of major remodeling of its chromatin set of linker histones. Plants with markedly altered proportions of H1 variants retained normal nucleosome spacing, but their chromosomes were less tightly packed than those of control plants. The transgenic plants grew normally but showed characteristic aberrations in flower development and were almost completely male sterile. These features correlated with changes in the temporal but not the spatial pattern of expression of developmental genes that could be linked to the abnormal flower phenotypes. Preceding these changes in flower morphology were strong aberrations in male gametogenesis. The earliest symptoms may have resulted from disturbances in correct pairing or segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. No aberrations were observed during mitosis. We conclude that in plants, the physiological stoichiometry and distribution of linker histone variants are crucial for directing male meiosis and the subsequent development of functional pollen grains.




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