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Plant Cell, Vol. 11, 407-416, March 1999, Copyright © 1999, American Society of Plant Physiologists

Mutations in FIE, a WD Polycomb Group Gene, Allow Endosperm Development without Fertilization

Nir Ohada, Ramin Yadegarib, Linda Margossianb, Mike Hannonb, Daphna Michaelib, John J. Haradac, Robert B. Goldbergd, and Robert L. Fischerb
a Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
b Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102
c Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
d Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1606

Correspondence to: Robert L. Fischer, rfischer{at}uclink4.berkeley.edu (E-mail), 510-642-9017 (fax)

A fundamental problem in biology is to understand how fertilization initiates reproductive development. Higher plant reproduction is unique because two fertilization events are required for sexual reproduction. First, a sperm must fuse with the egg to form an embryo. A second sperm must then fuse with the adjacent central cell nucleus that replicates to form an endosperm, which is the support tissue required for embryo and/or seedling development. Here, we report cloning of the Arabidopsis FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) gene. The FIE protein is a homolog of the WD motif–containing Polycomb proteins from Drosophila and mammals. These proteins function as repressors of homeotic genes. A female gametophyte with a loss-of-function allele of fie undergoes replication of the central cell nucleus and initiates endosperm development without fertilization. These results suggest that the FIE Polycomb protein functions to suppress a critical aspect of early plant reproduction, namely, endosperm development, until fertilization occurs.




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