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Plant Cell, Vol. 11, 1717-1730, September 1999, Copyright © 1999, American Society of Plant Physiologists

The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequences of Nephroselmis olivacea and Pedinomonas minor : Two Radically Different Evolutionary Patterns within Green Algae

Monique Turmela, Claude Lemieuxa, Gertraud Burgerb, B. Franz Langb, Christian Otisa, Isabelle Planteb, and Michael W. Grayc
a Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Département de Biochimie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
b Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
c Program in Evolutionary Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada

Correspondence to: Monique Turmel, mturmel{at}bcm.ulaval.ca (E-mail), 418-656-7176 (fax)

Green plants appear to comprise two sister lineages, Chlorophyta (classes Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Prasinophyceae) and Streptophyta (Charophyceae and Embryophyta, or land plants). To gain insight into the nature of the ancestral green plant mitochondrial genome, we have sequenced the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of Nephroselmis olivacea and Pedinomonas minor. These two green algae are presumptive members of the Prasinophyceae. This class is thought to include descendants of the earliest diverging green algae. We find that Nephroselmis and Pedinomonas mtDNAs differ markedly in size, gene content, and gene organization. Of the green algal mtDNAs sequenced so far, that of Nephroselmis (45,223 bp) is the most ancestral (minimally diverged) and occupies the phylogenetically most basal position within the Chlorophyta. Its repertoire of 69 genes closely resembles that in the mtDNA of Prototheca wickerhamii, a later diverging trebouxiophycean green alga. Three of the Nephroselmis genes (nad10, rpl14, and rnpB) have not been identified in previously sequenced mtDNAs of green algae and land plants. In contrast, the 25,137-bp Pedinomonas mtDNA contains only 22 genes and retains few recognizably ancestral features. In several respects, including gene content and rate of sequence divergence, Pedinomonas mtDNA resembles the reduced mtDNAs of chlamydomonad algae, with which it is robustly affiliated in phylogenetic analyses. Our results confirm the existence of two radically different patterns of mitochondrial genome evolution within the green algae.


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