Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

Correspondence to: Chris Lamb, chris.lamb{at}bbsrc.ac.uk (E-mail), 44-1603-456844 (fax)

Plants produce a wide array of natural products, many of which are likely to be useful bioactive structures. Unfortunately, these complex natural products usually occur at very low abundance and with restricted tissue distribution, thereby hindering their evaluation. Here, we report a novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border. Among 5000 Arabidopsis activation-tagged lines, we found a plant that exhibited intense purple pigmentation in many vegetative organs throughout development. This upregulation of pigmentation reflected a dominant mutation that resulted in massive activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and enhanced accumulation of lignin, hydroxycinnamic acid esters, and flavonoids, including various anthocyanins that were responsible for the purple color. These phenotypes, caused by insertion of the viral enhancer sequences adjacent to an MYB transcription factor gene, indicate that activation tagging can overcome the stringent genetic controls regulating the accumulation of specific natural products during plant development. Our findings suggest a functional genomics approach to the biotechnological evaluation of phytochemical biodiversity through the generation of massively enriched tissue sources for drug screening and for isolating underlying regulatory and biosynthetic genes.

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				N. Marsch-Martinez, R. Greco, G. Van Arkel, L. Herrera-Estrella, and A. Pereira Activation Tagging Using the En-I Maize Transposon System in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, August 1, 2002; 129(4): 1544 - 1556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. H. Cheong, H.-S. Chang, R. Gupta, X. Wang, T. Zhu, and S. Luan Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Novel Interactions between Wounding, Pathogen, Abiotic Stress, and Hormonal Responses in Arabidopsis Plant Physiology, June 1, 2002; 129(2): 661 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. S. Reddy, G. S. Ali, and A. S. N. Reddy Genes Encoding Calmodulin-binding Proteins in the Arabidopsis Genome J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 2002; 277(12): 9840 - 9852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Penfield, R. C. Meissner, D. A. Shoue, N. C. Carpita, and M. W. Bevan MYB61 Is Required for Mucilage Deposition and Extrusion in the Arabidopsis Seed Coat PLANT CELL, December 1, 2001; 13(12): 2777 - 2791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. Ballesteros, C. Bolle, L. M. Lois, J. M. Moore, J.-P. Vielle-Calzada, U. Grossniklaus, and N.-H. Chua LAF1, a MYB transcription activator for phytochrome A signaling Genes & Dev., October 1, 2001; 15(19): 2613 - 2625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Nesi, C. Jond, I. Debeaujon, M. Caboche, and L. Lepiniec The Arabidopsis TT2 Gene Encodes an R2R3 MYB Domain Protein That Acts as a Key Determinant for Proanthocyanidin Accumulation in Developing Seed PLANT CELL, September 1, 2001; 13(9): 2099 - 2114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Bieza and R. Lois An Arabidopsis Mutant Tolerant to Lethal Ultraviolet-B Levels Shows Constitutively Elevated Accumulation of Flavonoids and Other Phenolics Plant Physiology, July 1, 2001; 126(3): 1105 - 1115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Winkel-Shirley Flavonoid Biosynthesis. A Colorful Model for Genetics, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Biotechnology Plant Physiology, June 1, 2001; 126(2): 485 - 493. [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. A. Eckardt The New Biology: Genomics Fosters a "Systems Approach" and Collaborations between Academic, Government, and Industry Scientists PLANT CELL, April 1, 2001; 13(4): 725 - 734. [Full Text]

				P. Piazza, A. Procissi, G. I. Jenkins, and C. Tonelli Members of the c1/pl1 Regulatory Gene Family Mediate the Response of Maize Aleurone and Mesocotyl to Different Light Qualities and Cytokinins Plant Physiology, March 1, 2002; 128(3): 1077 - 1086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]