Receptor-Mediated Increase in Cytoplasmic Free Calcium Required for Activation of Pathogen Defense in Parsley

Correspondence to: Thorsten Nürnberger, tnuernbe{at}ipb-halle.de (E-mail), 49-345-5582-164 (fax)

Transient influx of Ca²+ constitutes an early element of signaling cascades triggering pathogen defense responses in plant cells. Treatment with the Phytophthora sojae–derived oligopeptide elicitor, Pep-13, of parsley cells stably expressing apoaequorin revealed a rapid increase in cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca²+]_cyt), which peaked at ~1 µM and subsequently declined to sustained values of 300 nM. Activation of this biphasic [Ca²+]_cyt signature was achieved by elicitor concentrations sufficient to stimulate Ca²+ influx across the plasma membrane, oxidative burst, and phytoalexin production. Sustained concentrations of [Ca²+]_cyt but not the rapidly induced [Ca²+]_cyt transient peak are required for activation of defense-associated responses. Modulation by pharmacological effectors of Ca²+ influx across the plasma membrane or of Ca²+ release from internal stores suggests that the elicitor-induced sustained increase of [Ca²+]_cyt predominantly results from the influx of extracellular Ca²+. Identical structural features of Pep-13 were found to be essential for receptor binding, increases in [Ca²+]_cyt, and activation of defense-associated responses. Thus, a receptor-mediated increase in [Ca²+]_cyt is causally involved in signaling the activation of pathogen defense in parsley.

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