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The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, 1293-1304, June 2001, Copyright © 2001,
American Society of Plant Physiologists

ELF3 Encodes a Circadian Clock–Regulated Nuclear Protein That Functions in an Arabidopsis PHYB Signal Transduction Pathway

Xing Liang Liu1,a, Michael F. Covington2,a, Christian Fankhauser3,b, Joanne Choryb,c and D. Ry Wagner1 4,a

a Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
b Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
c Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

4 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail rwagner{at}exelixis.com; fax 503-670-7703

Many aspects of plant development are regulated by photoreceptor function and the circadian clock. Loss-of-function mutations in the Arabidopsis EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) and PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB) genes cause early flowering and influence the activity of circadian clock–regulated processes. We demonstrate here that the relative abundance of the ELF3 protein, which is a novel nucleus-localized protein, displays circadian regulation that follows the pattern of circadian accumulation of ELF3 transcript. Furthermore, the ELF3 protein interacts with PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. Genetic analyses show that ELF3 requires PHYB function in early morphogenesis but not for the regulation of flowering time. This suggests that ELF3 is a component of a PHYB signaling complex that controls early events in plant development but that ELF3 and PHYB control flowering via independent signal transduction pathways.




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