The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, 1369-1382,
June 2001, Copyright © 2001,
American Society of Plant Physiologists
Nodule-Specific Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Expression in Lotus japonicus
Philipp Kapranov1,a,b,
Sheri M. Routtc,
Vytas A. Bankaitisc,
Frans J. de Bruijn2,a,b,d and
Krzysztof Szczyglowski3a,e
a Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
b Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
c Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7090
d Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
e Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Center, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail szczyglowskik{at}em.agr.ca; fax 519-457-3997
Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) modulate signal transduction pathways and membrane-trafficking functions in eukaryotes. Here, we describe the characterization of a gene family from Lotus japonicus that encodes a novel class of plant PITP-like proteins (LjPLPs) and that is regulated in an unusual nodule-specific manner. Members of this gene family were identified based on their nucleotide sequence homology with a previously described cDNA, LjNOD16, which encodes the L. japonicus late nodulin Nlj16. Nlj16 or highly related amino acid sequences are shown to constitute C-terminal domains of LjPLPs and are suggested to function as specific plasma membrane targeting modules. The expression patterns of one member of this gene family (LjPLP-IV) revealed that LjNOD16 mRNA synthesis in nodules is the result of the transcriptional activity of a nodule-specific promoter located in an intron of the LjPLP-IV gene. This intron-borne bidirectional promoter also generates nodule-specific antisense transcripts derived from the N-terminal PITP domain coding region of the LjPLP-IV gene. We propose that Nlj16 protein synthesis and LjPLP-IV antisense transcript generation are components of an elaborate mechanism designed to control LjPLP synthesis and/or functioning in nodules.
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