First published online January 29, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.010215
The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 33-46,
January 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists
SGR2, a Phospholipase-Like Protein, and ZIG/SGR4, a SNARE, Are Involved in the Shoot Gravitropism of Arabidopsis
Takehide Kato1,a,
Miyo Terao Morita1,b,
Hidehiro Fukakib,
Yoshiro Yamauchia,
Michiko Ueharaa,
Mitsuru Niihamab and
Masao Tasaka2,b
a Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
b Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail m-tasaka{at}bs.aist-nara.ac.jp; fax 81-743-72-5489
In higher plants, the shoot and the root generally show negative and positive gravitropism, respectively. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in gravitropism, we have isolated many shoot gravitropism mutants in Arabidopsis. The sgr2 and zig/sgr4 mutants exhibited abnormal gravitropism in both inflorescence stems and hypocotyls. These genes probably are involved in the early step(s) of the gravitropic response. The sgr2 mutants also had misshapen seed and seedlings, whereas the stem of the zig/sgr4 mutants elongated in a zigzag fashion. The SGR2 gene encodes a novel protein that may be part of a gene family represented by bovine phosphatidic acidpreferring phospholipase A1 containing a putative transmembrane domain. This gene family has been reported only in eukaryotes. The ZIG gene was found to encode AtVTI11, a protein that is homologous with yeast VTI1 and is involved in vesicle transport. Our observations suggest that the two genes may be involved in a vacuolar membrane system that affects shoot gravitropism.
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