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First published online January 29, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.010216

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The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 47-56, January 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists

Involvement of the Vacuoles of the Endodermis in the Early Process of Shoot Gravitropism in Arabidopsis

Miyo Terao Morita1,a, Takehide Kato1,b, Kiyoshi Nagafusaa, Chieko Saitoc, Takashi Uedac, Akihiko Nakanoc and Masao Tasaka2,a

a Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan
b Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
c Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan

2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail m-tasaka{at}bs.aist-nara.ac.jp; fax 81-743-72-5489

The endodermal cells of the shoot are thought to be the gravity-sensing cells in Arabidopsis. The amyloplasts in the endodermis that sediment in the direction of gravity may act as statoliths. Endodermis-specific expression of SGR2 and ZIG using the SCR promoter could complement the abnormal shoot gravitropism of the sgr2 and zig mutants, respectively. The abnormalities in amyloplast sedimentation observed in both mutants recovered simultaneously. These results indicate that both genes in the endodermal cell layer are crucial for shoot gravitropism. ZIG encodes AtVTI11, which is a SNARE involved in vesicle transport to the vacuole. The fusion protein of SGR2 and green fluorescent protein localized to the vacuole and small organelles. These observations indicate that ZIG and SGR2 are involved in the formation and function of the vacuole, a notion supported by the results of subcellular analysis of the sgr2 and zig mutants with electron microscopy. These results strongly suggest that the vacuole participates in the early events of gravitropism and that SGR2 and ZIG functions are involved.




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