First published online November 26, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.006981
The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 3009-3028,
December 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists
OSM1/SYP61: A Syntaxin Protein in Arabidopsis Controls Abscisic AcidMediated and Non-Abscisic AcidMediated Responses to Abiotic Stress
Jianhua Zhua,
Zhizhong Gongb,
Changqing Zhangb,
Chun-Peng Songb,
Barbara Damsza,
Günsu Inana,
Hisashi Koiwac,
Jian-Kang Zhub,
Paul M. Hasegawaa and
Ray A. Bressan1,a
a Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1165
b Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
c Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2133
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail bressan{at}hort.purdue.edu; fax 765-494-0391
To identify the genetic loci that control salt tolerance in higher plants, a large-scale screen was conducted with a bialaphos markerbased T-DNA insertional collection of Arabidopsis ecotype C24 mutants. One line, osm1 (for osmotic stresssensitive mutant), exhibited increased sensitivity to both ionic (NaCl) and nonionic (mannitol) osmotic stress in a root-bending assay. The osm1 mutant displayed a more branched root pattern with or without stress and was hypersensitive to inhibition by Na+, K+, and Li+ but not Cs+. Plants of the osm1 mutant also were more prone to wilting when grown with limited soil moisture compared with wild-type plants. The stomata of osm1 plants were insensitive to both ABA-induced closing and inhibition of opening compared with wild-type plants. The T-DNA insertion appeared in the first exon of an open reading frame on chromosome 1 (F3M18.7, which is the same as AtSYP61). This insertion mutation cosegregated closely with the osm1 phenotype and was the only functional T-DNA in the mutant genome. Expression of the OSM1 gene was disrupted in mutant plants, and abnormal transcripts accumulated. Gene complementation with the native gene from the wild-type genome completely restored the mutant phenotype to the wild type. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the affected gene revealed that OSM1 is related most closely to mammalian syntaxins 6 and 10, which are members of the SNARE superfamily of proteins required for vesicular/target membrane fusions. Expression of the OSM1 promoter:: -glucuronidase gene in transformants indicated that OSM1 is expressed in all tissues except hypocotyls and young leaves and is hyperexpressed in epidermal guard cells. Together, our results demonstrate important roles of OSM1/SYP61 in osmotic stress tolerance and in the ABA regulation of stomatal responses.
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