First published online February 19, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.010371
The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 465-477,
February 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists
The Putative Plasma Membrane Na+/H+ Antiporter SOS1 Controls Long-Distance Na+ Transport in Plants
Huazhong Shia,
Francisco J. Quinterob,
Jose M. Pardob and
Jian-Kang Zhu1,a
a Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
b Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville 41012, Spain
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail jkzhu{at}ag.arizona.edu; fax 520-621-7186
The salt tolerance locus SOS1 from Arabidopsis has been shown to encode a putative plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter. In this study, we examined the tissue-specific pattern of gene expression as well as the Na+ transport activity and subcellular localization of SOS1. When expressed in a yeast mutant deficient in endogenous Na+ transporters, SOS1 was able to reduce Na+ accumulation and improve salt tolerance of the mutant cells. Confocal imaging of a SOS1green fluorescent protein fusion protein in transgenic Arabidopsis plants indicated that SOS1 is localized in the plasma membrane. Analysis of SOS1 promoter -glucuronidase transgenic Arabidopsis plants revealed preferential expression of SOS1 in epidermal cells at the root tip and in parenchyma cells at the xylem/symplast boundary of roots, stems, and leaves. Under mild salt stress (25 mM NaCl), sos1 mutant shoot accumulated less Na+ than did the wild-type shoot. However, under severe salt stress (100 mM NaCl), sos1 mutant plants accumulated more Na+ than did the wild type. There also was greater Na+ content in the xylem sap of sos1 mutant plants exposed to 100 mM NaCl. These results suggest that SOS1 is critical for controlling long-distance Na+ transport from root to shoot. We present a model in which SOS1 functions in retrieving Na+ from the xylem stream under severe salt stress, whereas under mild salt stress it may function in loading Na+ into the xylem.
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