The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 1293-1309,
June 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists
Membrane Protein Transport between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi in Tobacco Leaves Is Energy Dependent but Cytoskeleton Independent
Evidence from Selective Photobleaching
Federica Brandizzi1,a,
Erik L. Snappb,
Alison G. Robertsc,
Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartzb and
Chris Hawesa
a Research School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
b Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
c Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
1 To whom the correspondence should be addressed. E-mail fbrandizzi{at}brookes.ac.uk; fax 44-1865-483955
The mechanisms that control protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus are poorly characterized in plants. Here, we examine in tobacco leaves the structural relationship between Golgi and ER membranes using electron microscopy and demonstrate that Golgi membranes contain elements that are in close association and/or in direct contact with the ER. We further visualized protein trafficking between the ER and the Golgi using Golgi marker proteins tagged with green fluorescent protein. Using photobleaching techniques, we showed that Golgi membrane markers constitutively cycle to and from the Golgi in an energy-dependent and N-ethylmaleimidesensitive manner. We found that membrane protein transport toward the Golgi occurs independently of the cytoskeleton and does not require the Golgi to be motile along the surface of the ER. Brefeldin A treatment blocked forward trafficking of Golgi proteins before their redistribution into the ER. Our results indicate that in plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is a dynamic membrane system whose components continuously traffic via membrane trafficking pathways regulated by brefeldin A and N-ethylmaleimidesensitive machinery.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Chatre, V. Wattelet-Boyer, S. Melser, L. Maneta-Peyret, F. Brandizzi, and P. Moreau
A novel di-acidic motif facilitates ER export of the syntaxin SYP31
J. Exp. Bot.,
June 10, 2009;
(2009)
erp155v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Hofmann, A. Niehl, A. Sambade, A. Steinmetz, and M. Heinlein
Inhibition of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement by Expression of an Actin-Binding Protein
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2009;
149(4):
1810 - 1823.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Chatre, L. A. Matheson, A. S. Jack, S. L. Hanton, and F. Brandizzi
Efficient mitochondrial targeting relies on co-operation of multiple protein signals in plants
J. Exp. Bot.,
March 1, 2009;
60(3):
741 - 749.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Ribeiro, O. Foresti, J. Denecke, J. Wellink, R. Goldbach, and R. J. M. Kormelink
Tomato spotted wilt virus glycoproteins induce the formation of endoplasmic reticulum- and Golgi-derived pleomorphic membrane structures in plant cells
J. Gen. Virol.,
August 1, 2008;
89(8):
1811 - 1818.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. A. Staehelin and B.-H. Kang
Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and of Golgi Membranes as Determined by Electron Tomography
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2008;
147(4):
1454 - 1468.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. A. Held, A. Boulaflous, and F. Brandizzi
Advances in Fluorescent Protein-Based Imaging for the Analysis of Plant Endomembranes
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2008;
147(4):
1469 - 1481.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. L. Alvim Kamei, J. Boruc, K. Vandepoele, H. Van den Daele, S. Maes, E. Russinova, D. Inze, and L. De Veylder
The PRA1 Gene Family in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2008;
147(4):
1735 - 1749.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. A. Barr, K. M. Bernot, S. Srikanth, Y. Gwack, L. Balagopalan, C. K. Regan, D. J. Helman, C. L. Sommers, M. Oh-hora, A. Rao, et al.
Dynamic Movement of the Calcium Sensor STIM1 and the Calcium Channel Orai1 in Activated T-Cells: Puncta and Distal Caps
Mol. Biol. Cell,
July 1, 2008;
19(7):
2802 - 2817.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. A. Sparkes, N. A. Teanby, and C. Hawes
Truncated myosin XI tail fusions inhibit peroxisome, Golgi, and mitochondrial movement in tobacco leaf epidermal cells: a genetic tool for the next generation
J. Exp. Bot.,
June 1, 2008;
59(9):
2499 - 2512.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. U. Rehman, E. Stigliano, G. W. Lycett, L. Sticher, F. Sbano, M. Faraco, G. Dalessandro, and G.-P. Di Sansebastiano
Tomato Rab11a Characterization Evidenced a Difference Between SYP121-Dependent and SYP122-Dependent exocytosis
Plant Cell Physiol.,
May 1, 2008;
49(5):
751 - 766.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. V. Schepetilnikov, A. G. Solovyev, E. N. Gorshkova, J. Schiemann, A. I. Prokhnevsky, V. V. Dolja, and S. Y. Morozov
Intracellular Targeting of a Hordeiviral Membrane-Spanning Movement Protein: Sequence Requirements and Involvement of an Unconventional Mechanism
J. Virol.,
February 1, 2008;
82(3):
1284 - 1293.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Leroch, H. E. Neuhaus, S. Kirchberger, S. Zimmermann, M. Melzer, J. Gerhold, and J. Tjaden
Identification of a Novel Adenine Nucleotide Transporter in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
February 1, 2008;
20(2):
438 - 451.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. K. Werner, I. A. Sparkes, T. Romeis, and C.-P. Witte
Identification, Biochemical Characterization, and Subcellular Localization of Allantoate Amidohydrolases from Arabidopsis and Soybean
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 2008;
146(2):
418 - 430.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. F. Mills, M. L. Doherty, R. L. Lopez-Marques, T. Weimar, P. Dupree, M. G. Palmgren, J. K. Pittman, and L. E. Williams
ECA3, a Golgi-Localized P2A-Type ATPase, Plays a Crucial Role in Manganese Nutrition in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
January 1, 2008;
146(1):
116 - 128.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Medina, M. L. Ballesteros, and J. Salinas
Phylogenetic and functional analysis of Arabidopsis RCI2 genes
J. Exp. Bot.,
December 1, 2007;
58(15-16):
4333 - 4346.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Latijnhouwers, T. Gillespie, P. Boevink, V. Kriechbaumer, C. Hawes, and C. M. Carvalho
Localization and domain characterization of Arabidopsis golgin candidates
J. Exp. Bot.,
December 1, 2007;
58(15-16):
4373 - 4386.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Langhans, C. Hawes, S. Hillmer, E. Hummel, and D. G. Robinson
Golgi Regeneration after Brefeldin A Treatment in BY-2 Cells Entails Stack Enlargement and Cisternal Growth followed by Division
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2007;
145(2):
527 - 538.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. A. Matheson, S. L. Hanton, M. Rossi, M. Latijnhouwers, G. Stefano, L. Renna, and F. Brandizzi
Multiple Roles of ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 in Plant Cells Include Spatially Regulated Recruitment of Coatomer and Elements of the Golgi Matrix
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2007;
143(4):
1615 - 1627.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. L. Hanton, L. Chatre, L. Renna, L. A. Matheson, and F. Brandizzi
De Novo Formation of Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites Is Membrane Cargo Induced and Signal Mediated
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2007;
143(4):
1640 - 1650.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Maisch and P. Nick
Actin Is Involved in Auxin-Dependent Patterning
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2007;
143(4):
1695 - 1704.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Moreau, F. Brandizzi, S. Hanton, L. Chatre, S. Melser, C. Hawes, and B. Satiat-Jeunemaitre
The plant ER-Golgi interface: a highly structured and dynamic membrane complex
J. Exp. Bot.,
January 1, 2007;
58(1):
49 - 64.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Saint-Jore-Dupas, A. Nebenfuhr, A. Boulaflous, M.-L. Follet-Gueye, C. Plasson, C. Hawes, A. Driouich, L. Faye, and V. Gomord
Plant N-Glycan Processing Enzymes Employ Different Targeting Mechanisms for Their Spatial Arrangement along the Secretory Pathway
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2006;
18(11):
3182 - 3200.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. J. Martens, A. G. Roberts, K. J. Oparka, and A. Schulz
Quantification of Plasmodesmatal Endoplasmic Reticulum Coupling between Sieve Elements and Companion Cells Using Fluorescence Redistribution after Photobleaching
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2006;
142(2):
471 - 480.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. S. Ali and A. S. N. Reddy
ATP, phosphorylation and transcription regulate the mobility of plant splicing factors
J. Cell Sci.,
September 1, 2006;
119(17):
3527 - 3538.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. M. Shockey, S. K. Gidda, D. C. Chapital, J.-C. Kuan, P. K. Dhanoa, J. M. Bland, S. J. Rothstein, R. T. Mullen, and J. M. Dyer
Tung Tree DGAT1 and DGAT2 Have Nonredundant Functions in Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis and Are Localized to Different Subdomains of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
PLANT CELL,
September 1, 2006;
18(9):
2294 - 2313.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. L.P. daSilva, O. Foresti, and J. Denecke
Targeting of the Plant Vacuolar Sorting Receptor BP80 Is Dependent on Multiple Sorting Signals in the Cytosolic Tail
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2006;
18(6):
1477 - 1497.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. R Davies, L. V Bindschedler, T. S Strickland, and G P. Bolwell
Production of reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures in response to an elicitor from Fusarium oxysporum: implications for basal resistance
J. Exp. Bot.,
May 1, 2006;
57(8):
1817 - 1827.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. P. J. Dunkley, S. Hester, I. P. Shadforth, J. Runions, T. Weimar, S. L. Hanton, J. L. Griffin, C. Bessant, F. Brandizzi, C. Hawes, et al.
Mapping the Arabidopsis organelle proteome
PNAS,
April 25, 2006;
103(17):
6518 - 6523.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-U. Sutter, P. Campanoni, M. Tyrrell, and M. R. Blatt
Selective Mobility and Sensitivity to SNAREs Is Exhibited by the Arabidopsis KAT1 K+ Channel at the Plasma Membrane
PLANT CELL,
April 1, 2006;
18(4):
935 - 954.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Runions, T. Brach, S. Kuhner, and C. Hawes
Photoactivation of GFP reveals protein dynamics within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
J. Exp. Bot.,
January 1, 2006;
57(1):
43 - 50.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. L. Hanton, L. Renna, L. E. Bortolotti, L. Chatre, G. Stefano, and F. Brandizzi
Diacidic Motifs Influence the Export of Transmembrane Proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Plant Cells
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2005;
17(11):
3081 - 3093.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Chatre, F. Brandizzi, A. Hocquellet, C. Hawes, and P. Moreau
Sec22 and Memb11 Are v-SNAREs of the Anterograde Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Pathway in Tobacco Leaf Epidermal Cells
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2005;
139(3):
1244 - 1254.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. A. Sparkes, C. Hawes, and A. Baker
AtPEX2 and AtPEX10 Are Targeted to Peroxisomes Independently of Known Endoplasmic Reticulum Trafficking Routes
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2005;
139(2):
690 - 700.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H.-J. Ju, T. D. Samuels, Y.-S. Wang, E. Blancaflor, M. Payton, R. Mitra, K. Krishnamurthy, R. S. Nelson, and J. Verchot-Lubicz
The Potato Virus X TGBp2 Movement Protein Associates with Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Vesicles during Virus Infection
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2005;
138(4):
1877 - 1895.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Zheng, L. Camacho, E. Wee, H. Batoko, J. Legen, C. J. Leaver, R. Malho, P. J. Hussey, and I. Moore
A Rab-E GTPase Mutant Acts Downstream of the Rab-D Subclass in Biosynthetic Membrane Traffic to the Plasma Membrane in Tobacco Leaf Epidermis
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2005;
17(7):
2020 - 2036.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Tamura, T. Shimada, M. Kondo, M. Nishimura, and I. Hara-Nishimura
KATAMARI1/MURUS3 Is a Novel Golgi Membrane Protein That Is Required for Endomembrane Organization in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2005;
17(6):
1764 - 1776.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y.-d. Yang, R. Elamawi, J. Bubeck, R. Pepperkok, C. Ritzenthaler, and D. G. Robinson
Dynamics of COPII Vesicles and the Golgi Apparatus in Cultured Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 Cells Provides Evidence for Transient Association of Golgi Stacks with Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites
PLANT CELL,
May 1, 2005;
17(5):
1513 - 1531.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. A. Barr and J. Egerer
Golgi positioning: are we looking at the right MAP?
J. Cell Biol.,
March 28, 2005;
168(7):
993 - 998.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Kim, M. Park, S. J. Kim, and I. Hwang
Actin Filaments Play a Critical Role in Vacuolar Trafficking at the Golgi Complex in Plant Cells
PLANT CELL,
March 1, 2005;
17(3):
888 - 902.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M. Kotzer, F. Brandizzi, U. Neumann, N. Paris, I. Moore, and C. Hawes
AtRabF2b (Ara7) acts on the vacuolar trafficking pathway in tobacco leaf epidermal cells
J. Cell Sci.,
December 15, 2004;
117(26):
6377 - 6389.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Holweg, C. Susslin, and P. Nick
Capturing in vivo Dynamics of the Actin Cytoskeleton Stimulated by Auxin or Light
Plant Cell Physiol.,
July 15, 2004;
45(7):
855 - 863.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. BALUSKA, D. VOLKMANN, and P. W. BARLOW
Eukaryotic Cells and their Cell Bodies: Cell Theory Revised
Ann. Bot.,
July 1, 2004;
94(1):
9 - 32.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. L.P. daSilva, E. L. Snapp, J. Denecke, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, C. Hawes, and F. Brandizzi
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as Single Mobile Secretory Units in Plant Cells
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2004;
16(7):
1753 - 1771.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Lefebvre, H. Batoko, G. Duby, and M. Boutry
Targeting of a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia H+-ATPase to the Plasma Membrane Is Not by Default and Requires Cytosolic Structural Determinants
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2004;
16(7):
1772 - 1789.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Bolte, S. Brown, and B. Satiat-Jeunemaitre
The N-myristoylated Rab-GTPase m-Rabmc is involved in post-Golgi trafficking events to the lytic vacuole in plant cells
J. Cell Sci.,
February 22, 2004;
117(6):
943 - 954.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
U. NEUMANN, F. BRANDIZZI, and C. HAWES
Protein Transport in Plant Cells: In and Out of the Golgi{dagger}
Ann. Bot.,
August 1, 2003;
92(2):
167 - 180.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. M. Parton, S. Fischer-Parton, A. J. Trewavas, and M. K. Watahiki
Pollen tubes exhibit regular periodic membrane trafficking events in the absence of apical extension
J. Cell Sci.,
July 1, 2003;
116(13):
2707 - 2719.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Yu. Morozov and A. G. Solovyev
Triple gene block: modular design of a multifunctional machine for plant virus movement
J. Gen. Virol.,
June 1, 2003;
84(6):
1351 - 1366.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. N. Gorshkova, T. N. Erokhina, T. A. Stroganova, N. E. Yelina, A. A. Zamyatnin Jr, N. O. Kalinina, J. Schiemann, A. G. Solovyev, and S. Yu. Morozov
Immunodetection and fluorescent microscopy of transgenically expressed hordeivirus TGBp3 movement protein reveals its association with endoplasmic reticulum elements in close proximity to plasmodesmata
J. Gen. Virol.,
April 1, 2003;
84(4):
985 - 994.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. L. Irons, D. E. Evans, and F. Brandizzi
The first 238 amino acids of the human lamin B receptor are targeted to the nuclear envelope in plants
J. Exp. Bot.,
March 1, 2003;
54(384):
943 - 950.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|
|