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The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 1635-1648, July 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists

The Arabidopsis SKU5 Gene Encodes an Extracellular Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol–Anchored Glycoprotein Involved in Directional Root Growth

John C. Sedbrook1,a, Kathleen L. Carrollb, Kai F. Hungb, Patrick H. Massonb and Chris R. Somervillea,c

a Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305
b Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
c Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail sedbrook{at}andrew2.stanford.edu; fax 650-325-6857

To investigate how roots respond to directional cues, we characterized a T-DNA–tagged Arabidopsis mutant named sku5 in which the roots skewed and looped away from the normal downward direction of growth on inclined agar surfaces. sku5 roots and etiolated hypocotyls were slightly shorter than normal and exhibited a counterclockwise (left-handed) axial rotation bias. The surface-dependent skewing phenotype disappeared when the roots penetrated the agar surface, but the axial rotation defect persisted, revealing that these two directional growth processes are separable. The SKU5 gene belongs to a 19-member gene family designated SKS (SKU5 Similar) that is related structurally to the multiple-copper oxidases ascorbate oxidase and laccase. However, the SKS proteins lack several of the conserved copper binding motifs characteristic of copper oxidases, and no enzymatic function could be assigned to the SKU5 protein. Analysis of plants expressing SKU5 reporter constructs and protein gel blot analysis showed that SKU5 was expressed most strongly in expanding tissues. SKU5 was glycosylated and modified by glycosyl phosphatidylinositol and localized to both the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Our observations suggest that SKU5 affects two directional growth processes, possibly by participating in cell wall expansion.




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