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The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 1705-1721, August 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists

The POLARIS Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Predicted Peptide Required for Correct Root Growth and Leaf Vascular Patterning

Stuart A. Casson, Paul M. Chilley, Jennifer F. Topping, I. Marta Evans, Martin A. Souter and Keith Lindsey1

Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail keith.lindsey{at}durham.ac.uk; fax 44-191-374-2417

The POLARIS (PLS) gene of Arabidopsis was identified as a promoter trap transgenic line, showing {beta}-glucuronidase fusion gene expression predominantly in the embryonic and seedling root, with low expression in aerial parts. Cloning of the PLS locus revealed that the promoter trap T-DNA had inserted into a short open reading frame (ORF). Rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR, RNA gel blot analysis, and RNase protection assays showed that the PLS ORF is located within a short (~500 nucleotides) auxin-inducible transcript and encodes a predicted polypeptide of 36 amino acid residues. pls mutants exhibit a short-root phenotype and reduced vascularization of leaves. pls roots are hyperresponsive to exogenous cytokinins and show increased expression of the cytokinin-inducible gene ARR5/IBC6 compared with the wild type. pls seedlings also are less responsive to the growth-inhibitory effects of exogenous auxin and show reduced expression of the auxin-inducible gene IAA1 compared with the wild type. The PLS peptide-encoding region of the cDNA partially complements the pls mutation and requires the PLS ORF ATG for activity, demonstrating the functionality of the peptide-encoding ORF. Ectopic expression of the PLS ORF reduces root growth inhibition by exogenous cytokinins and increases leaf vascularization. We propose that PLS is required for correct auxin-cytokinin homeostasis to modulate root growth and leaf vascular patterning.




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