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First published online July 25, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.002295

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The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 1937-1951, August 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists

Nitrate Efflux Is an Essential Component of the Cryptogein Signaling Pathway Leading to Defense Responses and Hypersensitive Cell Death in Tobacco

David Wendehenne1,a, Olivier Lamottea, Jean-Marie Frachisseb, Hélène Barbier-Brygoob and Alain Pugina

a Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université de Bourgogne, Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Ecologie des Interactions Plantes/Micro-organismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
b Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2355, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail wendehen{at}dijon.inra.fr; fax 33-3-80-69-32-26

There is much interest in the transduction pathways by which avirulent pathogens or derived elicitors activate plant defense responses. However, little is known about anion channel functions in this process. The aim of this study was to reveal the contribution of anion channels in the defense response triggered in tobacco by the elicitor cryptogein. Cryptogein induced a fast nitrate (NO3-) efflux that was sensitive to anion channel blockers and regulated by phosphorylation events and Ca2+ influx. Using a pharmacological approach, we provide evidence that NO3- efflux acts upstream of the cryptogein-induced oxidative burst and a 40-kD protein kinase whose activation seems to be controlled by the duration and intensity of anion efflux. Moreover, NO3- efflux inhibitors reduced and delayed the hypersensitive cell death triggered by cryptogein in tobacco plants. This was accompanied by a delay or a complete suppression of the induction of several defense-related genes, including hsr203J, a gene whose expression is correlated strongly with programmed cell death in plants. Our results indicate that anion channels are involved intimately in mediating defense responses and hypersensitive cell death.




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