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The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 2265-2276, September 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists

The Arabidopsis TUBULIN-FOLDING COFACTOR A Gene Is Involved in the Control of the {alpha}/{beta}-Tubulin Monomer Balance

Victor Kirika,b, Paul E. Grinic, Jaideep Mathura, Irene Klinkhammera, Klaus Adlerd, Nicole Bechtolde, Michel Herzogf, Jean-Marc Bonnevillef and Martin Hülskamp1,a,b

a Botanical Institute III, University of Köln, Gyrhofstrasse 15, 50931 Köln, Germany
b Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Entwicklungsgenetik, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
c Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1031, Blindern N-0315, Oslo, Norway
d Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
e Station de Genetique et d'Amelioration des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
f Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Universite J. Fourier, BP 53 38041, Grenoble Cedex 09, France

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail martin.huelskamp{at}uni-koeln.de; fax 49-0221-470-5062

The control of the stoichiometric balance of {alpha}- and {beta}-tubulin is important during microtubule biogenesis. This process involves several tubulin-folding cofactors (TFCs), of which only TFC A is not essential in mammalian in vitro systems or in vivo in yeast. Here, we show that the TFC A gene is important in vivo in plants. The Arabidopsis gene KIESEL (KIS) shows sequence similarity to the TFC A gene. Expression of the mouse TFC A gene under the control of the 35S promoter rescues the kis mutation, indicating that KIS is the Arabidopsis ortholog of TFC A. kis plants exhibit a range of defects similar to the phenotypes associated with impaired microtubule function: plants are reduced in size and show meiotic defects, cell division is impaired, and trichomes are bulged and less branched. Microtubule density was indistinguishable from that of the wild type, but microtubule organization was affected in trichomes and hypocotyl cells of dark-grown kis plants. The kis phenotype was rescued by overexpression of an {alpha}-tubulin, indicating that KIS is involved in the control of the correct balance of {alpha}- and {beta}-tubulin monomers.




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