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The Arabidopsis Anaphase-Promoting Complex or Cyclosome: Molecular and Genetic Characterization of the APC2 Subunit

^a Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67084 Strasbourg Cédex, France
^b Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
^c Institut des Sciences du Végétal du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
^d Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
^e Station de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Institut National d'Agronomie Paris Grignon, 78026 Versailles, France

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail pascal.genschik{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr; fax 33-(0)3-88-61-44-42

In yeast and animals, the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is an essential ubiquitin protein ligase that regulates mitotic progression and exit by controlling the stability of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as securin and the mitotic cyclins. In plants, the function, regulation, and substrates of the APC/C are poorly understood. To gain more insight into the roles of the plant APC/C, we characterized at the molecular level one of its subunits, APC2, which is encoded by a single-copy gene in Arabidopsis. We show that the Arabidopsis gene is able to partially complement a budding yeast apc2 ts mutant. By yeast two-hybrid assays, we demonstrate an interaction of APC2 with two other APC/C subunits: APC11 and APC8/CDC23. A reverse-genetic approach identified Arabidopsis plants carrying T-DNA insertions in the APC2 gene. apc2 null mutants are impaired in female megagametogenesis and accumulate a cyclin–-glucuronidase reporter protein but do not display metaphase arrest, as observed in other systems. The APC2 gene is expressed in various plant organs and does not seem to be cell cycle regulated. Finally, we report intriguing differences in APC2 protein subcellular localization compared with that in other systems. Our observations support a conserved function of the APC/C in plants but a different mode of regulation.

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