First published online October 10, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.016097
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 2503-2513, November 2003,
www.plantcell.org ©2003, American Society of Plant Biologists
An Arabidopsis Callose Synthase, GSL5, Is Required for Wound and Papillary Callose Formation
Andrew K. Jacobs1,a,b,
Volker Lipka1,b,
Rachel A. Burtona,
Ralph Panstrugab,
Nicolai Strizhovc,
Paul Schulze-Lefert2,b and
Geoffrey B. Finchera
a Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
b Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50892 Cologne, Germany
c Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail schlef{at}mpiz-koeln.mpg.de; fax 49-221-5062313
Arabidopsis was transformed with double-stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) constructs designed to silence three putative callose synthase genes: GLUCAN SYNTHASE–LIKE5 (GSL5), GSL6, and GSL11. Both wound callose and papillary callose were absent in lines transformed with GSL5 dsRNAi and in a corresponding sequence-indexed GSL5 T-DNA insertion line but were unaffected in GSL6 and GSL11 dsRNAi lines. These data provide strong genetic evidence that the GSL genes of higher plants encode proteins that are essential for callose formation. Deposition of callosic plugs, or papillae, at sites of fungal penetration is a widely recognized early response of host plants to microbial attack and has been implicated in impeding entry of the fungus. Depletion of callose from papillae in gsl5 plants marginally enhanced the penetration of the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis on the nonhost Arabidopsis. Paradoxically, the absence of callose in papillae or haustorial complexes correlated with the effective growth cessation of several normally virulent powdery mildew species and of Peronospora parasitica.
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