This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Data All Versions of this Article: 15/11/2566    most recent tpc.016576v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (21) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Qi, Y. Articles by Ding, B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Qi, Y. Articles by Ding, B. Agricola Articles by Qi, Y. Articles by Ding, B.

Differential Subnuclear Localization of RNA Strands of Opposite Polarity Derived from an Autonomously Replicating Viroid

Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail ding.35{at}osu.edu; fax 614-292-5379

The wide variety of RNAs produced in the nucleus must be localized correctly to perform their functions. However, the mechanism of this localization is poorly understood. We report here the differential subnuclear localization of RNA strands of opposite polarity derived from the replicating Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). During replication, (+)- and (-)-strand viroid RNAs are produced. We found that in infected cultured cells and plants, the (-)-strand RNA was localized in the nucleoplasm, whereas the (+)-strand RNA was localized in the nucleolus as well as in the nucleoplasm with distinct spatial patterns. Furthermore, the presence of the (+)-PSTVd in the nucleolus caused the redistribution of a small nucleolar RNA. Our results support a model in which (1) the synthesis of the (-)- and (+)-strands of PSTVd RNAs occurs in the nucleoplasm, (2) the (-)-strand RNA is anchored in the nucleoplasm, and (3) the (+)-strand RNA is transported selectively into the nucleolus. Our results imply that the eukaryotic cell has a machinery that recognizes and localizes the opposite strands of an RNA, which may have broad ramifications in the RNA regulation of gene expression and the infection cycle of pathogenic RNAs and in the development of RNA-based methods to control gene expression as well as pathogen infection.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W.-H. Huang, Y.-S. Chen, and P.-J. Chen Nucleolar Targeting of Hepatitis Delta Antigen Abolishes Its Ability To Initiate Viral Antigenomic RNA Replication J. Virol., January 15, 2008; 82(2): 692 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kalantidis, M. A. Denti, S. Tzortzakaki, E. Marinou, M. Tabler, and M. Tsagris Virp1 Is a Host Protein with a Major Role in Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection in Nicotiana Plants J. Virol., December 1, 2007; 81(23): 12872 - 12880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-E. Rodio, S. Delgado, A. De Stradis, M.-D. Gomez, R. Flores, and F. Di Serio A Viroid RNA with a Specific Structural Motif Inhibits Chloroplast Development PLANT CELL, November 1, 2007; 19(11): 3610 - 3626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Itaya, X. Zhong, R. Bundschuh, Y. Qi, Y. Wang, R. Takeda, A. R. Harris, C. Molina, R. S. Nelson, and B. Ding A Structured Viroid RNA Serves as a Substrate for Dicer-Like Cleavage To Produce Biologically Active Small RNAs but Is Resistant to RNA-Induced Silencing Complex-Mediated Degradation J. Virol., March 15, 2007; 81(6): 2980 - 2994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Qi, T. Pelissier, A. Itaya, E. Hunt, M. Wassenegger, and B. Ding Direct Role of a Viroid RNA Motif in Mediating Directional RNA Trafficking across a Specific Cellular Boundary PLANT CELL, July 1, 2004; 16(7): 1741 - 1752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-A. Daros and R. Flores Arabidopsis thaliana has the enzymatic machinery for replicating representative viroid species of the family Pospiviroidae PNAS, April 27, 2004; 101(17): 6792 - 6797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]