First published online October 10, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.015123
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 2603-2611, November 2003,
www.plantcell.org ©2003, American Society of Plant Biologists
MADS-Box Protein Complexes Control Carpel and Ovule Development in Arabidopsis
Rebecca Favaro1,2,a,
Anusak Pinyopich1,b,
Raffaella Battagliaa,
Maarten Kooikerc,
Lorenzo Borghic,
Gary Dittab,
Martin F. Yanofskyb,
Martin M. Katerc and
Lucia Colombo3,a
a Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
b Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
c Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail lucia.colombo{at}unimi.it; fax 39-02-50314764
The AGAMOUS (AG) gene is necessary for stamen and carpel development and is part of a monophyletic clade of MADS-box genes that also includes SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), SHP2, and SEEDSTICK (STK). Here, we show that ectopic expression of either the STK or SHP gene is sufficient to induce the transformation of sepals into carpeloid organs bearing ovules. Moreover, the fact that these organ transformations occur when the STK gene is expressed ectopically in ag mutants shows that STK can promote carpel development in the absence of AG activity. We also show that STK, AG, SHP1, and SHP2 can form multimeric complexes and that these interactions require the SEPALLATA (SEP) MADS-box proteins. We provide genetic evidence for this role of the SEP proteins by showing that a reduction in SEP activity leads to the loss of normal ovule development, similar to what occurs in stk shp1 shp2 triple mutants. Together, these results indicate that the SEP proteins, which are known to form multimeric complexes in the control of flower organ identity, also form complexes to control normal ovule development.
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