First published online September 24, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.015560
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 2612-2625, November 2003,
www.plantcell.org ©2003, American Society of Plant Biologists
ALTERED RESPONSE TO GRAVITY Is a Peripheral Membrane Protein That Modulates Gravity-Induced Cytoplasmic Alkalinization and Lateral Auxin Transport in Plant Statocytes
Kanokporn Boonsirichai1,a,
John C. Sedbrook2,a,
Rujin Chen3,a,
Simon Gilroyb and
Patrick H. Masson4,a
a Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
b Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-5301
4 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail phmasson{at}wisc.edu; fax 608-262-2976
ARG1 (ALTERED RESPONSE TO GRAVITY) is required for normal root and hypocotyl gravitropism. Here, we show that targeting ARG1 to the gravity-perceiving cells of roots or hypocotyls is sufficient to rescue the gravitropic defects in the corresponding organs of arg1-2 null mutants. The cytosolic alkalinization of root cap columella cells that normally occurs very rapidly upon gravistimulation is lacking in arg1-2 mutants. Additionally, vertically grown arg1-2 roots appear to accumulate a greater amount of auxin in an expanded domain of the root cap compared with the wild type, and no detectable lateral auxin gradient develops across mutant root caps in response to gravistimulation. We also demonstrate that ARG1 is a peripheral membrane protein that may share some subcellular compartments in the vesicular trafficking pathway with PIN auxin efflux carriers. These data support our hypothesis that ARG1 is involved early in gravitropic signal transduction within the gravity-perceiving cells, where it influences pH changes and auxin distribution. We propose that ARG1 affects the localization and/or activity of PIN or other proteins involved in lateral auxin transport.
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