First published online October 10, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.011411
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 2707-2718, November 2003,
www.plantcell.org ©2003, American Society of Plant Biologists
Activation of a Stress-Responsive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade Induces the Biosynthesis of Ethylene in Plants
Cha Young Kim1,a,
Yidong Liu1,a,
Eleanor T. Thorne1,b,
Heping Yang1,a,
Hirotada Fukushigec,
Walter Gassmannd,
David Hildebrandc,
Robert E. Sharpb and
Shuqun Zhang2,a
a Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
b Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
c Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
d Department of Plant Microbiology and Pathology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail zhangsh{at}missouri.edu; fax 573-884-4812
Plants under stress from both biotic and abiotic sources produce increased levels of ethylene, which is perceived by ethylene receptors and triggers cellular responses further downstream. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation were implicated in the regulation of ethylene induction by stresses based on studies using protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. However, the kinase(s) involved remains to be determined. Using a conditional gain-of-function transgenic system, we demonstrate that the activation of SIPK, a tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), by NtMEK2DD, an active mutant of the upstream kinase of SIPK, resulted in a dramatic increase in ethylene production. The increase in ethylene after the activation of SIPK coincided with a dramatic increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) activity, which was followed by the activation of a subgroup of ACS and ACC oxidase (ACO) genes, suggesting that either the activation of unidentified ACS(s) or post-transcriptional regulation is involved. Infection with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which is known to activate the SIPK cascade and induce ethylene biosynthesis, also induced the same ACSs and ACOs. After ethylene production in NtMEK2DD plants, strong activation of ETHYLENE-RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) genes was observed, similar to the effect in NN tobacco plants infected with TMV. In contrast to previous reports, no major increase in jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) was detected after the activation of SIPK/WIPK in NtMEK2DD transgenic plants. These results suggest that the induction of ethylene but not JA/MJ is involved in plant defense responses mediated by the NtMEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. Xu, Y. Li, Y. Wang, H. Liu, L. Lei, H. Yang, G. Liu, and D. Ren
Activation of MAPK Kinase 9 Induces Ethylene and Camalexin Biosynthesis and Enhances Sensitivity to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 3, 2008;
283(40):
26996 - 27006.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K. Kandoth, S. Ranf, S. S. Pancholi, S. Jayanty, M. D. Walla, W. Miller, G. A. Howe, D. E. Lincoln, and J. W. Stratmann
Tomato MAPKs LeMPK1, LeMPK2, and LeMPK3 function in the systemin-mediated defense response against herbivorous insects
PNAS,
July 17, 2007;
104(29):
12205 - 12210.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Dreher and J. Callis
Ubiquitin, Hormones and Biotic Stress in Plants
Ann. Bot.,
May 1, 2007;
99(5):
787 - 822.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Achard, M. Baghour, A. Chapple, P. Hedden, D. Van Der Straeten, P. Genschik, T. Moritz, and N. P. Harberd
The plant stress hormone ethylene controls floral transition via DELLA-dependent regulation of floral meristem-identity genes
PNAS,
April 10, 2007;
104(15):
6484 - 6489.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Takahashi, R. Yoshida, K. Ichimura, T. Mizoguchi, S. Seo, M. Yonezawa, K. Maruyama, K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, and K. Shinozaki
The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade MKK3-MPK6 Is an Important Part of the Jasmonate Signal Transduction Pathway in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
March 1, 2007;
19(3):
805 - 818.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wu, C. Hettenhausen, S. Meldau, and I. T. Baldwin
Herbivory Rapidly Activates MAPK Signaling in Attacked and Unattacked Leaf Regions but Not between Leaves of Nicotiana attenuata
PLANT CELL,
March 1, 2007;
19(3):
1096 - 1122.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Iwai, A. Miyasaka, S. Seo, and Y. Ohashi
Contribution of Ethylene Biosynthesis for Resistance to Blast Fungus Infection in Young Rice Plants
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2006;
142(3):
1202 - 1215.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ren, K.-Y. Yang, G.-J. Li, Y. Liu, and S. Zhang
Activation of Ntf4, a Tobacco Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, during Plant Defense Response and Its Involvement in Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2006;
141(4):
1482 - 1493.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-K. Yap, Y. Kodama, F. Waller, K. M. Chung, H. Ueda, K. Nakamura, M. Oldsen, H. Yoda, Y. Yamaguchi, and H. Sano
Activation of a Novel Transcription Factor through Phosphorylation by WIPK, a Wound-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Tobacco Plants
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2005;
139(1):
127 - 137.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Samuel, A. Walia, S. D. Mansfield, and B. E. Ellis
Overexpression of SIPK in tobacco enhances ozone-induced ethylene formation and blocks ozone-induced SA accumulation
J. Exp. Bot.,
August 1, 2005;
56(418):
2195 - 2201.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Ludwig, H. Saitoh, G. Felix, G. Freymark, O. Miersch, C. Wasternack, T. Boller, J. D. G. Jones, and T. Romeis
Ethylene-mediated cross-talk between calcium-dependent protein kinase and MAPK signaling controls stress responses in plants
PNAS,
July 26, 2005;
102(30):
10736 - 10741.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Yuan, Z. Wu, I. A. Kostenyuk, and J. K. Burns
G-protein-coupled {alpha}2A-adrenoreceptor agonists differentially alter citrus leaf and fruit abscission by affecting expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase
J. Exp. Bot.,
July 1, 2005;
56(417):
1867 - 1875.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-F. CHEN, N. ETHERIDGE, and G. E. SCHALLER
Ethylene Signal Transduction
Ann. Bot.,
May 1, 2005;
95(6):
901 - 915.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Overmyer, M. Brosche, R. Pellinen, T. Kuittinen, H. Tuominen, R. Ahlfors, M. Keinanen, M. Saarma, D. Scheel, and J. Kangasjarvi
Ozone-Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Arabidopsis radical-induced cell death1 Mutant
Plant Physiology,
March 1, 2005;
137(3):
1092 - 1104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Liu and S. Zhang
Phosphorylation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase by MPK6, a Stress-Responsive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Induces Ethylene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
December 1, 2004;
16(12):
3386 - 3399.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Jeter, W. Tang, E. Henaff, T. Butterfield, and S. J. Roux
Evidence of a Novel Cell Signaling Role for Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphates and Diphosphates in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
October 1, 2004;
16(10):
2652 - 2664.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mayrose, A. Bonshtien, and G. Sessa
LeMPK3 Is a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase with Dual Specificity Induced during Tomato Defense and Wounding Responses
J. Biol. Chem.,
April 9, 2004;
279(15):
14819 - 14827.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
