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First published online November 20, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.015875

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The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 3007-3019, December 2003, www.plantcell.org ©2003, American Society of Plant Biologists

Engineering Vitamin E Content: From Arabidopsis Mutant to Soy Oil

Alison L. Van Eenennaam1,2,a, Kim Lincoln1,3,b, Timothy P. Durrett4,b, Henry E. Valentin5,c, Christine K. Shewmaker6,a, Greg M. Thornec, Jian Jiangc, Susan R. Baszisc, Charlene K. Leveringa, Eric D. Aasena, Ming Haoc, Joshua C. Stein7,b, Susan R. Norris8,b and Robert L. Last9,b

a Monsanto Company, Calgene Campus, Davis, California 95616
b Cereon Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
c Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63017

5 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail henry.e.valentin{at}monsanto.com; fax 636-737-6429

We report the identification and biotechnological utility of a plant gene encoding the tocopherol (vitamin E) biosynthetic enzyme 2-methyl-6-phytylbenzoquinol methyltransferase. This gene was identified by map-based cloning of the Arabidopsis mutation vitamin E pathway gene3-1 (vte3-1), which causes increased accumulation of {delta}-tocopherol and decreased {gamma}-tocopherol in the seed. Enzyme assays of recombinant protein supported the hypothesis that At-VTE3 encodes a 2-methyl-6-phytylbenzoquinol methyltransferase. Seed-specific expression of At-VTE3 in transgenic soybean reduced seed {delta}-tocopherol from 20 to 2%. These results confirm that At-VTE3 protein catalyzes the methylation of 2-methyl-6-phytylbenzoquinol in planta and show the utility of this gene in altering soybean tocopherol composition. When At-VTE3 was coexpressed with At-VTE4 ({gamma}-tocopherol methyltransferase) in soybean, the seed accumulated to >95% {alpha}-tocopherol, a dramatic change from the normal 10%, resulting in a greater than eightfold increase of {alpha}-tocopherol and an up to fivefold increase in seed vitamin E activity. These findings demonstrate the utility of a gene identified in Arabidopsis to alter the tocopherol composition of commercial seed oils, a result with both nutritional and food quality implications.




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