First published online January 17, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.007609
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 561-576,
February 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists
Genomic Analysis of the Unfolded Protein Response in Arabidopsis Shows Its Connection to Important Cellular Processes
Immaculada M. Martínez and
Maarten J. Chrispeels1
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail mchrispeels{at}ucsd.edu; fax 858-534-40-52
We analyzed the breadth of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in Arabidopsis using gene expression analysis with Affymetrix GeneChips. With tunicamycin and DTT as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressinducing agents, we identified sets of UPR genes that were induced or repressed by both stresses. The proteins encoded by most of the upregulated genes function as part of the secretory system and comprise chaperones, vesicle transport proteins, and ER-associated degradation proteins. Most of the downregulated genes encode extracellular proteins. Therefore, the UPR may constitute a triple effort by the cell: to improve protein folding and transport, to degrade unwanted proteins, and to allow fewer secretory proteins to enter the ER. No single consensus response element was found in the promoters of the 53 UPR upregulated genes, but half of the genes contained response elements also found in mammalian UPR regulated genes. These elements are enriched from 4.5- to 15-fold in this upregulated gene set.
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