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First published online February 21, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.008433

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The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 612-625, March 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists

Cell Polarity and PIN Protein Positioning in Arabidopsis Require STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1 Function

Viola Willemsena, Jirí Friml1,b, Markus Grebea, Albert van den Toorna, Klaus Palmec and Ben Scheres2,a

a Developmental Genetics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
b Max-Delbrück-Laboratorium in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
c Institut für Biologie II, Zell-biologie, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany

2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail b.scheres{at}bio.uu.nl; fax 31-30-2513655

Plants have many polarized cell types, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms that establish polarity. The orc mutant was identified originally by defects in root patterning, and positional cloning revealed that the affected gene encodes STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE1, which is required for the appropriate synthesis and composition of major membrane sterols. smt1orc mutants displayed several conspicuous cell polarity defects. Columella root cap cells revealed perturbed polar positioning of different organelles, and in the smt1orc root epidermis, polar initiation of root hairs was more randomized. Polar auxin transport and expression of the auxin reporter DR5-{beta}-glucuronidase were aberrant in smt1orc. Patterning defects in smt1orc resembled those observed in mutants of the PIN gene family of putative auxin efflux transporters. Consistently, the membrane localization of the PIN1 and PIN3 proteins was disturbed in smt1orc, whereas polar positioning of the influx carrier AUX1 appeared normal. Our results suggest that balanced sterol composition is a major requirement for cell polarity and auxin efflux in Arabidopsis.




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