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First published online February 21, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.009373

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The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 655-665, March 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists

A Plant-Specific Dynamin-Related Protein Forms a Ring at the Chloroplast Division Site

Shin-ya Miyagishima1,a, Keiji Nishidaa, Toshiyuki Moria, Motomichi Matsuzakib, Tetsuya Higashiyamaa, Haruko Kuroiwaa,c and Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwaa

a Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
b Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
c Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, Toranomon, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail miyagi{at}biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax 81-3-3814-1408

Chloroplasts have retained the bacterial FtsZ for division, whereas mitochondria lack FtsZ except in some lower eukaryotes. Instead, mitochondrial division involves a dynamin-related protein, suggesting that chloroplasts retained the bacterial division system, whereas a dynamin-based system replaced the bacterial system in mitochondria during evolution. In this study, we identified a novel plant-specific group of dynamins from the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Synchronization of chloroplast division and immunoblot analyses showed that the protein (CmDnm2) associates with the chloroplast only during division. Immunocytochemical analyses showed that CmDnm2 appears in cytoplasmic patches just before chloroplast division and is recruited to the cytosolic side of the chloroplast division site to form a ring in the late stage of division. The ring constricts until division is complete, after which it disappears. These results show that a dynamin-related protein also participates in chloroplast division and that its behavior differs from that of FtsZ and plastid-dividing rings that form before constriction at the site of division. Combined with the results of a recent study of mitochondrial division in Cyanidioschyzon, our findings led us to hypothesize that when first established in lower eukaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts divided using a very similar system that included the FtsZ ring, the plastid-dividing/mitochondrion-dividing ring, and the dynamin ring.


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