This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 15/4/1034    most recent tpc.009530v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (42) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hao, L. Articles by Bisaro, D. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hao, L. Articles by Bisaro, D. M. Agricola Articles by Hao, L. Articles by Bisaro, D. M.

Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins Interact with and Inactivate SNF1 Kinase

Department of Molecular Genetics, Plant Biotechnology Center, and Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail bisaro.1{at}osu.edu; fax 614-292-5379

Geminivirus AL2 and L2 proteins cause enhanced susceptibility, characterized primarily by an increase in viral infectivity, when expressed in transgenic plants. Here, we present genetic and biochemical evidence that enhanced susceptibility is attributable to the interaction of AL2 and L2 with SNF1 kinase, a global regulator of metabolism. Specifically, we show that AL2 and L2 inactivate SNF1 in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that expression of an antisense SNF1 transgene in Nicotiana benthamiana plants causes enhanced susceptibility similar to that conditioned by the AL2 and L2 transgenes, whereas SNF1 overexpression leads to enhanced resistance. Transgenic plants expressing an AL2 protein that lacks a significant portion of the SNF1 interaction domain do not display enhanced susceptibility. Together, these observations suggest that the metabolic alterations mediated by SNF1 are a component of innate antiviral defenses and that SNF1 inactivation by AL2 and L2 is a counterdefensive measure. They also indicate that geminiviruses are able to modify host metabolism to their own advantage, and they provide a molecular link between metabolic status and inherent susceptibility to viral pathogens.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				X. Yang, S. Baliji, R. C. Buchmann, H. Wang, J. A. Lindbo, G. Sunter, and D. M. Bisaro Functional Modulation of the Geminivirus AL2 Transcription Factor and Silencing Suppressor by Self-Interaction J. Virol., November 1, 2007; 81(21): 11972 - 11981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Shen and L. Hanley-Bowdoin Geminivirus Infection Up-Regulates the Expression of Two Arabidopsis Protein Kinases Related to Yeast SNF1- and Mammalian AMPK-Activating Kinases Plant Physiology, December 1, 2006; 142(4): 1642 - 1655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Gissot, C. Polge, M. Jossier, T. Girin, J.-P. Bouly, M. Kreis, and M. Thomas AKINbeta{gamma} Contributes to SnRK1 Heterotrimeric Complexes and Interacts with Two Proteins Implicated in Plant Pathogen Resistance through Its KIS/GBD Sequence Plant Physiology, November 1, 2006; 142(3): 931 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. H. Florentino, A. A. Santos, M. R. Fontenelle, G. L. Pinheiro, F. M. Zerbini, M. C. Baracat-Pereira, and E. P. B. Fontes A PERK-Like Receptor Kinase Interacts with the Geminivirus Nuclear Shuttle Protein and Potentiates Viral Infection. J. Virol., July 1, 2006; 80(13): 6648 - 6656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Wang, K. J. Buckley, X. Yang, R. C. Buchmann, and D. M. Bisaro Adenosine Kinase Inhibition and Suppression of RNA Silencing by Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins J. Virol., June 15, 2005; 79(12): 7410 - 7418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Trinks, R. Rajeswaran, P. V. Shivaprasad, R. Akbergenov, E. J. Oakeley, K. Veluthambi, T. Hohn, and M. M. Pooggin Suppression of RNA Silencing by a Geminivirus Nuclear Protein, AC2, Correlates with Transactivation of Host Genes J. Virol., February 15, 2005; 79(4): 2517 - 2527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. F. Carvalho and S. G. Lazarowitz Interaction of the Movement Protein NSP and the Arabidopsis Acetyltransferase AtNSI Is Necessary for Cabbage Leaf Curl Geminivirus Infection and Pathogenicity J. Virol., October 15, 2004; 78(20): 11161 - 11171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. P.B. Fontes, A. A. Santos, D. F. Luz, A. J. Waclawovsky, and J. Chory The geminivirus nuclear shuttle protein is a virulence factor that suppresses transmembrane receptor kinase activity Genes & Dev., October 15, 2004; 18(20): 2545 - 2556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Vanitharani, P. Chellappan, J. S. Pita, and C. M. Fauquet Differential Roles of AC2 and AC4 of Cassava Geminiviruses in Mediating Synergism and Suppression of Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing J. Virol., September 1, 2004; 78(17): 9487 - 9498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. A. Eckardt Aminotransferases Confer "Enzymatic Resistance" to Downy Mildew in Melon PLANT CELL, January 1, 2004; 16(1): 1 - 3. [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. A. Eckardt Viral Defense and Counterdefense: A Role for Adenosine Kinase in Innate Defense and RNA Silencing PLANT CELL, December 1, 2003; 15(12): 2758 - 2761. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Wang, L. Hao, C.-Y. Shung, G. Sunter, and D. M. Bisaro Adenosine Kinase Is Inactivated by Geminivirus AL2 and L2 Proteins PLANT CELL, December 1, 2003; 15(12): 3020 - 3032. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]