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First published online April 11, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.011015

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The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 1227-1241, May 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists

(E)-{beta}-Ocimene and Myrcene Synthase Genes of Floral Scent Biosynthesis in Snapdragon: Function and Expression of Three Terpene Synthase Genes of a New Terpene Synthase Subfamily

Natalia Dudareva2,1,a, Diane Martinb, Christine M. Kisha, Natalia Kolosova3,a, Nina Gorensteina, Jenny Fäldtb, Barbara Millerb and Jörg Bohlmann2,b

a Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
b Biotechnology Laboratory and Departments of Botany and Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail dudareva{at}hort.purdue.edu; fax 1-765-494-0391

Snapdragon flowers emit two monoterpene olefins, myrcene and (E)-{beta}-ocimene, derived from geranyl diphosphate, in ad-dition to a major phenylpropanoid floral scent component, methylbenzoate. Emission of these monoterpenes is regulated developmentally and follows diurnal rhythms controlled by a circadian clock. Using a functional genomics approach, we have isolated and characterized three closely related cDNAs from a snapdragon petal-specific library that encode two myrcene synthases (ama1e20 and ama0c15) and an (E)-{beta}-ocimene synthase (ama0a23). Although the two myrcene synthases are almost identical (98%), except for the N-terminal 13 amino acids, and are catalytically active, yielding a single monoterpene product, myrcene, only ama0c15 is expressed at a high level in flowers and contributes to floral myrcene emission. (E)-{beta}-Ocimene synthase is highly similar to snapdragon myrcene synthases (92% amino acid identity) and produces predominantly (E)-{beta}-ocimene (97% of total monoterpene olefin product) with small amounts of (Z)-{beta}-ocimene and myrcene. These newly isolated snapdragon monoterpene synthases, together with Arabidopsis AtTPS14 (At1g61680), define a new subfamily of the terpene synthase (TPS) family designated the Tps-g group. Members of this new Tps-g group lack the RRx8W motif, which is a characteristic feature of the Tps-d and Tps-b monoterpene synthases, suggesting that the reaction mechanism of Tps-g monoterpene synthase product formation does not proceed via an RR-dependent isomerization of geranyl diphosphate to 3S-linalyl diphosphate, as shown previously for limonene cyclase. Analyses of tissue-specific, developmental, and rhythmic expression of these monoterpene synthase genes in snapdragon flowers revealed coordinated regulation of phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid scent production.




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