Molecular and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Complete MADS-Box Transcription Factor Family in Arabidopsis: New Openings to the MADS World

doi:10.1105/tpc.011544

Molecular and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Complete MADS-Box Transcription Factor Family in Arabidopsis

New Openings to the MADS World

Lucie Paenicová¹^,a, Stefan de Folter¹^,b, Martin Kieffer¹^,c, David S. Horner^d, Cristina Favalli^a, Jacqueline Busscher^b, Holly E. Cook^c, Richard M. Ingram^c, Martin M. Kater^e, Brendan Davies^c, Gerco C. Angenent^b and Lucia Colombo²^,a

^a Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
^b Plant Development and Reproduction, Plant Research International B.V., 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
^c Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
^d Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
^e Dipartimento di Genetica e di Biologia dei Microrganismi, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy

^² To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail lucia.colombo{at}unimi.it; fax 39-02-50314764

MADS-box transcription factors are key regulators of severalplant development processes. Analysis of the complete Arabidopsisgenome sequence revealed 107 genes encoding MADS-box proteins,of which 84% are of unknown function. Here, we provide a completeoverview of this family, describing the gene structure, geneexpression, genome localization, protein motif organization,and phylogenetic relationship of each member. We have dividedthis transcription factor family into five groups (named MIKC,M ${alpha}$ , M ${beta}$ , M ${gamma}$ , and M ${delta}$ ) based on the phylogenetic relationships of theconserved MADS-box domain. This study provides a solid basefor functional genomics studies into this important family ofplant regulatory genes, including the poorly characterized groupof M-type MADS-box proteins. MADS-box genes also constitutean excellent system with which to study the evolution of complexgene families in higher plants.

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