First published online July 3, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.012856
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 1717-1727,
August 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists
The Interaction of Two Homeobox Genes, BREVIPEDICELLUS and PENNYWISE, Regulates Internode Patterning in the Arabidopsis Inflorescence
Harley M. S. Smitha and
Sarah Hake1,a,b
a Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
b Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail maizesh{at}nature.berkeley.edu; fax 510-559-5678
Plant architecture results from the activity of the shoot apical meristem, which initiates leaves, internodes, and axillary meristems. KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) genes are expressed in specific patterns in the shoot apical meristem and play important roles in plant architecture. KNOX proteins interact with BEL1-like (BELL) homeodomain proteins and together bind a target sequence with high affinity. We have obtained a mutation in one of the Arabidopsis BELL genes, PENNYWISE (PNY), that appears phenotypically similar to the KNOX mutant brevipedicellus (bp). Both bp and pny have randomly shorter internodes and display a slight increase in the number of axillary branches. The double mutant shows a synergistic phenotype of extremely short internodes interspersed with long internodes and increased branching. PNY is expressed in inflorescence and floral meristems and overlaps with BP in a discrete domain of the inflorescence meristem where we propose the internode is patterned. The physical association of the PNY and BP proteins suggests that they participate in a complex that regulates early patterning events in the inflorescence meristem.
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