First published online July 14, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.013839
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 1749-1770,
August 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists
The Arabidopsis Basic/Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Family
Gabriela Toledo-Ortiz,
Enamul Huq1 and
Peter H. Quail2
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, California 94710
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail quail{at}nature.berkeley.edu; fax 510-559-5678
The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a superfamily of transcription factors that bind as dimers to specific DNA target sites and that have been well characterized in nonplant eukaryotes as important regulatory components in diverse biological processes. Based on evidence that the bHLH protein PIF3 is a direct phytochrome reaction partner in the photoreceptor's signaling network, we have undertaken a comprehensive computational analysis of the Arabidopsis genome sequence databases to define the scope and features of the bHLH family. Using a set of criteria derived from a previously defined consensus motif, we identified 147 bHLH proteinencoding genes, making this one of the largest transcription factor families in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis of the bHLH domain sequences permits classification of these genes into 21 subfamilies. The evolutionary and potential functional relationships implied by this analysis are supported by other criteria, including the chromosomal distribution of these genes relative to duplicated genome segments, the conservation of variant exon/intron structural patterns, and the predicted DNA binding activities within subfamilies. Considerable diversity in DNA binding site specificity among family members is predicted, and marked divergence in protein sequence outside of the conserved bHLH domain is observed. Together with the established propensity of bHLH factors to engage in varying degrees of homodimerization and heterodimerization, these observations suggest that the Arabidopsis bHLH proteins have the potential to participate in an extensive set of combinatorial interactions, endowing them with the capacity to be involved in the regulation of a multiplicity of transcriptional programs. We provide evidence from yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding assays that two related phytochrome-interacting members in the Arabidopsis family, PIF3 and PIF4, can form both homodimers and heterodimers and that all three dimeric configurations can bind specifically to the G-box DNA sequence motif CACGTG. These data are consistent, in principle, with the operation of this combinatorial mechanism in Arabidopsis.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
O. Loudet, T. P. Michael, B. T. Burger, C. Le Mette, T. C. Mockler, D. Weigel, and J. Chory
A zinc knuckle protein that negatively controls morning-specific growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
PNAS,
November 4, 2008;
105(44):
17193 - 17198.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Yang, N. Johnston, E. Talideh, S. Mitchell, C. Jeffree, J. Goodrich, and G. Ingram
The endosperm-specific ZHOUPI gene of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates endosperm breakdown and embryonic epidermal development
Development,
November 1, 2008;
135(21):
3501 - 3509.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X.-X. Shangguan, B. Xu, Z.-X. Yu, L.-J. Wang, and X.-Y. Chen
Promoter of a cotton fibre MYB gene functional in trichomes of Arabidopsis and glandular trichomes of tobacco
J. Exp. Bot.,
October 1, 2008;
59(13):
3533 - 3542.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Borges, G. Gomes, R. Gardner, N. Moreno, S. McCormick, J. A. Feijo, and J. D. Becker
Comparative Transcriptomics of Arabidopsis Sperm Cells
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2008;
148(2):
1168 - 1181.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H.-J. Park, L. Ding, M. Dai, R. Lin, and H. Wang
Multisite Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis HFR1 by Casein Kinase II and a Plausible Role in Regulating Its Degradation Rate
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 22, 2008;
283(34):
23264 - 23273.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Kondou, M. Nakazawa, M. Kawashima, T. Ichikawa, T. Yoshizumi, K. Suzuki, A. Ishikawa, T. Koshi, R. Matsui, S. Muto, et al.
RETARDED GROWTH OF EMBRYO1, a New Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Expresses in Endosperm to Control Embryo Growth
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2008;
147(4):
1924 - 1935.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Moon, L. Zhu, H. Shen, and E. Huq
PIF1 directly and indirectly regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis to optimize the greening process in Arabidopsis
PNAS,
July 8, 2008;
105(27):
9433 - 9438.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. M. Kanaoka, L. J. Pillitteri, H. Fujii, Y. Yoshida, N. L. Bogenschutz, J. Takabayashi, J.-K. Zhu, and K. U. Torii
SCREAM/ICE1 and SCREAM2 Specify Three Cell-State Transitional Steps Leading to Arabidopsis Stomatal Differentiation
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2008;
20(7):
1775 - 1785.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. J. Nagano, Y. Fukao, M. Fujiwara, M. Nishimura, and I. Hara-Nishimura
Antagonistic Jacalin-Related Lectins Regulate the Size of ER Body-Type {beta}-Glucosidase Complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol.,
June 1, 2008;
49(6):
969 - 980.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Shen, L. Zhu, A. Castillon, M. Majee, B. Downie, and E. Huq
Light-Induced Phosphorylation and Degradation of the Negative Regulator PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 from Arabidopsis Depend upon Its Direct Physical Interactions with Photoactivated Phytochromes
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2008;
20(6):
1586 - 1602.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. H. Kim, S. Yamaguchi, S. Lim, E. Oh, J. Park, A. Hanada, Y. Kamiya, and G. Choi
SOMNUS, a CCCH-Type Zinc Finger Protein in Arabidopsis, Negatively Regulates Light-Dependent Seed Germination Downstream of PIL5
PLANT CELL,
May 1, 2008;
20(5):
1260 - 1277.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. J. Rushton, M. T. Bokowiec, S. Han, H. Zhang, J. F. Brannock, X. Chen, T. W. Laudeman, and M. P. Timko
Tobacco Transcription Factors: Novel Insights into Transcriptional Regulation in the Solanaceae
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2008;
147(1):
280 - 295.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y.-s. Hwang and P. H. Quail
Phytochrome-Regulated PIL1 Derepression is Developmentally Modulated
Plant Cell Physiol.,
April 1, 2008;
49(4):
501 - 511.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. A. van den Burg, D. I. Tsitsigiannis, O. Rowland, J. Lo, G. Rallapalli, D. MacLean, F. L.W. Takken, and J. D.G. Jones
The F-Box Protein ACRE189/ACIF1 Regulates Cell Death and Defense Responses Activated during Pathogen Recognition in Tobacco and Tomato
PLANT CELL,
March 1, 2008;
20(3):
697 - 719.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Leivar, E. Monte, B. Al-Sady, C. Carle, A. Storer, J. M. Alonso, J. R. Ecker, and P. H. Quail
The Arabidopsis Phytochrome-Interacting Factor PIF7, Together with PIF3 and PIF4, Regulates Responses to Prolonged Red Light by Modulating phyB Levels
PLANT CELL,
February 1, 2008;
20(2):
337 - 352.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Khanna, Y. Shen, C. M. Marion, A. Tsuchisaka, A. Theologis, E. Schafer, and P. H. Quail
The Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor PIF5 Acts on Ethylene Biosynthesis and Phytochrome Signaling by Distinct Mechanisms
PLANT CELL,
December 1, 2007;
19(12):
3915 - 3929.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. A. Veitia
Exploring the Molecular Etiology of Dominant-Negative Mutations
PLANT CELL,
December 1, 2007;
19(12):
3843 - 3851.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Shen, R. Khanna, C. M. Carle, and P. H. Quail
Phytochrome Induces Rapid PIF5 Phosphorylation and Degradation in Response to Red-Light Activation
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2007;
145(3):
1043 - 1051.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Kay, S. Hahn, E. Marois, G. Hause, and U. Bonas
A Bacterial Effector Acts as a Plant Transcription Factor and Induces a Cell Size Regulator
Science,
October 26, 2007;
318(5850):
648 - 651.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. M. Hernandez, A. Feller, K. Morohashi, K. Frame, and E. Grotewold
The basic helix loop helix domain of maize R links transcriptional regulation and histone modifications by recruitment of an EMSY-related factor
PNAS,
October 23, 2007;
104(43):
17222 - 17227.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Gremski, G. Ditta, and M. F. Yanofsky
The HECATE genes regulate female reproductive tract development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Development,
October 15, 2007;
134(20):
3593 - 3601.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Husbands, E. M. Bell, B. Shuai, H. M.S. Smith, and P. S. Springer
LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES defines a new family of DNA-binding transcription factors and can interact with specific bHLH proteins
Nucleic Acids Res.,
October 8, 2007;
35(19):
6663 - 6671.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Zentella, Z.-L. Zhang, M. Park, S. G. Thomas, A. Endo, K. Murase, C. M. Fleet, Y. Jikumaru, E. Nambara, Y. Kamiya, et al.
Global Analysis of DELLA Direct Targets in Early Gibberellin Signaling in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
October 1, 2007;
19(10):
3037 - 3057.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Datta, C. Hettiarachchi, H. Johansson, and M. Holm
SALT TOLERANCE HOMOLOG2, a B-Box Protein in Arabidopsis That Activates Transcription and Positively Regulates Light-Mediated Development
PLANT CELL,
October 1, 2007;
19(10):
3242 - 3255.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Monte, B. Al-Sady, P. Leivar, and P. H. Quail
Out of the dark: how the PIFs are unmasking a dual temporal mechanism of phytochrome signalling
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 12, 2007;
(2007)
erm186v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Ohashi-Ito and D. C. Bergmann
Regulation of the Arabidopsis root vascular initial population by LONESOME HIGHWAY
Development,
August 15, 2007;
134(16):
2959 - 2968.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Adam, F. Ouellet, N. A. Kane, Z. Agharbaoui, G. Major, Y. Tominaga, and F. Sarhan
Overexpression of TaVRN1 in Arabidopsis Promotes Early Flowering and Alters Development
Plant Cell Physiol.,
August 1, 2007;
48(8):
1192 - 1206.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Chen and J. M. Lopes
Multiple Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins Regulate Expression of the ENO1 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Eukaryot. Cell,
May 1, 2007;
6(5):
786 - 796.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Freeling, L. Rapaka, E. Lyons, B. Pedersen, and B. C. Thomas
G-Boxes, Bigfoot Genes, and Environmental Response: Characterization of Intragenomic Conserved Noncoding Sequences in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
May 1, 2007;
19(5):
1441 - 1457.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. A. Rampey, A. W. Woodward, B. N. Hobbs, M. P. Tierney, B. Lahner, D. E. Salt, and B. Bartel
An Arabidopsis Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Protein Modulates Metal Homeostasis and Auxin Conjugate Responsiveness
Genetics,
December 1, 2006;
174(4):
1841 - 1857.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Kodama and H. Sano
Evolution of a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein from a Transcriptional Repressor to a Plastid-resident Regulatory Factor: INVOLVEMENT IN HYPERSENSITIVE CELL DEATH IN TOBACCO PLANTS
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 17, 2006;
281(46):
35369 - 35380.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Ohashi-Ito and D. C. Bergmann
Arabidopsis FAMA Controls the Final Proliferation/Differentiation Switch during Stomatal Development
PLANT CELL,
October 1, 2006;
18(10):
2493 - 2505.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Feller, J. M. Hernandez, and E. Grotewold
An ACT-like Domain Participates in the Dimerization of Several Plant Basic-helix-loop-helix Transcription Factors
J. Biol. Chem.,
September 29, 2006;
281(39):
28964 - 28974.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Imai, Y. Hanzawa, M. Komura, K. T. Yamamoto, Y. Komeda, and T. Takahashi
The dwarf phenotype of the Arabidopsis acl5 mutant is suppressed by a mutation in an upstream ORF of a bHLH gene
Development,
September 15, 2006;
133(18):
3575 - 3585.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Khanna, Y. Shen, G. Toledo-Ortiz, E. A. Kikis, H. Johannesson, Y.-S. Hwang, and P. H. Quail
Functional Profiling Reveals That Only a Small Number of Phytochrome-Regulated Early-Response Genes in Arabidopsis Are Necessary for Optimal Deetiolation
PLANT CELL,
September 1, 2006;
18(9):
2157 - 2171.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Zhang, Y. Sun, L. Timofejeva, C. Chen, U. Grossniklaus, and H. Ma
Regulation of Arabidopsis tapetum development and function by DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 (DYT1) encoding a putative bHLH transcription factor
Development,
August 15, 2006;
133(16):
3085 - 3095.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Ogo, R. N. Itai, H. Nakanishi, H. Inoue, T. Kobayashi, M. Suzuki, M. Takahashi, S. Mori, and N. K. Nishizawa
Isolation and characterization of IRO2, a novel iron-regulated bHLH transcription factor in graminaceous plants
J. Exp. Bot.,
August 1, 2006;
57(11):
2867 - 2878.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X. Li, X. Duan, H. Jiang, Y. Sun, Y. Tang, Z. Yuan, J. Guo, W. Liang, L. Chen, J. Yin, et al.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Basic/Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor Family in Rice and Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2006;
141(4):
1167 - 1184.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Lee, S. Lee, K.-Y. Yang, Y.-M. Kim, S.-Y. Park, S. Y. Kim, and M.-S. Soh
Overexpression of PRE1 and its Homologous Genes Activates Gibberellin-dependent Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol.,
May 1, 2006;
47(5):
591 - 600.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Roig-Villanova, J. Bou, C. Sorin, P. F. Devlin, and J. F. Martinez-Garcia
Identification of Primary Target Genes of Phytochrome Signaling. Early Transcriptional Control during Shade Avoidance Responses in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2006;
141(1):
85 - 96.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Nakano, K. Suzuki, T. Fujimura, and H. Shinshi
Genome-Wide Analysis of the ERF Gene Family in Arabidopsis and Rice
Plant Physiology,
February 1, 2006;
140(2):
411 - 432.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Bevan and S. Walsh
The Arabidopsis genome: A foundation for plant research
Genome Res.,
December 1, 2005;
15(12):
1632 - 1642.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K.-H. Jung, M.-J. Han, Y.-S. Lee, Y.-W. Kim, I. Hwang, M.-J. Kim, Y.-K. Kim, B. H. Nahm, and G. An
Rice Undeveloped Tapetum1 Is a Major Regulator of Early Tapetum Development
PLANT CELL,
October 1, 2005;
17(10):
2705 - 2722.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Yi, Z. Wu, J. Zhou, L. Du, L. Guo, Y. Wu, and P. Wu
OsPTF1, a Novel Transcription Factor Involved in Tolerance to Phosphate Starvation in Rice
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2005;
138(4):
2087 - 2096.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. O. Steffens, C. Galuschka, M. Schindler, L. Bulow, and R. Hehl
AthaMap web tools for database-assisted identification of combinatorial cis-regulatory elements and the display of highly conserved transcription factor binding sites in Arabidopsis thaliana
Nucleic Acids Res.,
July 1, 2005;
33(suppl_2):
W397 - W402.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. R. Atchley and A. D. Fernandes
Sequence signatures and the probabilistic identification of proteins in the Myc-Max-Mad network
PNAS,
May 3, 2005;
102(18):
6401 - 6406.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Ma, N. Sun, X. Liu, Y. Jiao, H. Zhao, and X. W. Deng
Organ-Specific Expression of Arabidopsis Genome during Development
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2005;
138(1):
80 - 91.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Kiba, T. Naitou, N. Koizumi, T. Yamashino, H. Sakakibara, and T. Mizuno
Combinatorial Microarray Analysis Revealing Arabidopsis Genes Implicated in Cytokinin Responses through the His->Asp Phosphorelay Circuitry
Plant Cell Physiol.,
February 1, 2005;
46(2):
339 - 355.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Xie, Z.-L. Zhang, X. Zou, J. Huang, P. Ruas, D. Thompson, and Q. J. Shen
Annotations and Functional Analyses of the Rice WRKY Gene Superfamily Reveal Positive and Negative Regulators of Abscisic Acid Signaling in Aleurone Cells
Plant Physiology,
January 1, 2005;
137(1):
176 - 189.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. P. Colangelo and M. L. Guerinot
The Essential Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein FIT1 Is Required for the Iron Deficiency Response
PLANT CELL,
December 1, 2004;
16(12):
3400 - 3412.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. M. Hernandez, G. F. Heine, N. G. Irani, A. Feller, M.-G. Kim, T. Matulnik, V. L. Chandler, and E. Grotewold
Different Mechanisms Participate in the R-dependent Activity of the R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor C1
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 12, 2004;
279(46):
48205 - 48213.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Khanna, E. Huq, E. A. Kikis, B. Al-Sady, C. Lanzatella, and P. H. Quail
A Novel Molecular Recognition Motif Necessary for Targeting Photoactivated Phytochrome Signaling to Specific Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2004;
16(11):
3033 - 3044.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Oh, J. Kim, E. Park, J.-I. Kim, C. Kang, and G. Choi
PIL5, a Phytochrome-Interacting Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Is a Key Negative Regulator of Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2004;
16(11):
3045 - 3058.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. A. Salome and C. R. McClung
The Arabidopsis thaliana Clock
J Biol Rhythms,
October 1, 2004;
19(5):
425 - 435.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Fujimori, T. Yamashino, T. Kato, and T. Mizuno
Circadian-Controlled Basic/Helix-Loop-Helix Factor, PIL6, Implicated in Light-Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol.,
August 15, 2004;
45(8):
1078 - 1086.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Boter, O. Ruiz-Rivero, A. Abdeen, and S. Prat
Conserved MYC transcription factors play a key role in jasmonate signaling both in tomato and Arabidopsis
Genes & Dev.,
July 1, 2004;
18(13):
1577 - 1591.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Gong, Y.-P. Shen, L.-G. Ma, Y. Pan, Y.-L. Du, D.-H. Wang, J.-Y. Yang, L.-D. Hu, X.-F. Liu, C.-X. Dong, et al.
Genome-Wide ORFeome Cloning and Analysis of Arabidopsis Transcription Factor Genes
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2004;
135(2):
773 - 782.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|