First published online July 3, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.012427
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 1872-1887,
August 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists
Arabidopsis AtGPAT1, a Member of the Membrane-Bound Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase Gene Family, Is Essential for Tapetum Differentiation and Male Fertility
Zhifu Zheng,
Qun Xia,
Melanie Dauk,
Wenyun Shen,
Gopalan Selvaraj and
Jitao Zou1
Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N OW9, Canada
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail jitao.zou{at}nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; fax 306-975-4839
Membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15) mediates the initial step of glycerolipid biosynthesis in the extraplastidic compartments of plant cells. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a novel GPAT gene family from Arabidopsis, designated AtGPAT. The corresponding polypeptides possess transmembrane domains and GPAT activity when expressed heterologously in a yeast lipid mutant. The functional significance of one isoform, AtGPAT1, is the focus of the present study. Disruption of the AtGPAT1 gene causes a massive pollen development arrest, and subsequent introduction of the gene into the mutant plant rescues the phenotype, illustrating a pivotal role for AtGPAT1 in pollen development. Microscopic examinations revealed that the gene lesion results in a perturbed degeneration of the tapetum, which is associated with altered endoplasmic reticulum profiles and reduced secretion. In addition to the sporophytic effect, AtGPAT1 also exerts a gametophytic effect on pollen performance, as the competitive ability of a pollen grain to pollinate is dependent on the presence of an AtGPAT1 gene. Deficiency in AtGPAT1 correlates with several fatty acid composition changes in flower tissues and seeds. Unexpectedly, however, a loss of AtGPAT1 causes no significant change in seed oil content.
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