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Secretory Low Molecular Weight Phospholipase A₂ Plays Important Roles in Cell Elongation and Shoot Gravitropism in Arabidopsis

^a Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Gwangju 500–712, Korea
^b Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
^c Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail sbryu{at}hanmail.net; fax 82-2-927-9028; or e-mail jsshin{at}korea.ac.kr; fax 82-2-927-9028

To elucidate the cellular functions of phospholipase A₂ in plants, an Arabidopsis cDNA encoding a secretory low molecular weight phospholipase A₂ (AtsPLA₂) was isolated. Phenotype analyses of transgenic plants showed that overexpression of AtsPLA₂ promotes cell elongation, resulting in prolonged leaf petioles and inflorescence stems, whereas RNA interference–mediated silencing of AtsPLA₂ expression retards cell elongation, resulting in shortened leaf petioles and stems. AtsPLA₂ is expressed in the cortical, vascular, and endodermal cells of the actively growing tissues of inflorescence stems and hypocotyls. AtsPLA₂ then is secreted into the extracellular spaces, where signaling for cell wall acidification is thought to occur. AtsPLA₂-overexpressing or -silenced transgenic plants showed altered gravitropism in inflorescence stems and hypocotyls. AtsPLA₂ expression is induced rapidly by auxin treatment and in the curving regions of inflorescence stems undergoing the gravitropic response. These results suggest that AtsPLA₂ regulates the process of cell elongation and plays important roles in shoot gravitropism by mediating auxin-induced cell elongation.

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