First published online December 11, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.014407
The Plant Cell, Vol. 16, 229-240, January 2004,
www.plantcell.org ©2004, American Society of Plant Biologists
SETH1 and SETH2, Two Components of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Biosynthetic Pathway, Are Required for Pollen Germination and Tube Growth in Arabidopsis
Eric Lalannea,
David Honysa,b,
Andrew Johnsona,
Georg H. H. Bornerc,
Kathryn S. Lilleyc,
Paul Dupreec,
Ueli Grossniklausd,e and
David Twell1,a
a Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
b Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16502 Praha 6, Czech Republic
c Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
d Institute of Plant Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
e Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring provides an alternative to transmembrane domains for anchoring proteins to the cell surface in eukaryotes. GPI anchors are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum via the sequential addition of monosaccharides, fatty acids, and phosphoethanolamines to phosphatidylinositol. Deficiencies in GPI biosynthesis lead to embryonic lethality in animals and to conditional lethality in eukaryotic microbes by blocking cell growth, cell division, or morphogenesis. We report the genetic and phenotypic analysis of insertional mutations disrupting SETH1 and SETH2, which encode Arabidopsis homologs of two conserved proteins involved in the first step of the GPI biosynthetic pathway. seth1 and seth2 mutations specifically block male transmission and pollen function. This results from reduced pollen germination and tube growth, which are associated with abnormal callose deposition. This finding suggests an essential role for GPI anchor biosynthesis in pollen tube wall deposition or metabolism. Using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we identified 47 genes that encode potential GPI-anchored proteins that are expressed in pollen and demonstrated that at least 11 of these proteins are associated with pollen membranes by GPI anchoring. Many of the identified candidate proteins are homologous with proteins involved in cell wall synthesis and remodeling or intercellular signaling and adhesion, and they likely play important roles in the establishment and maintenance of polarized pollen tube growth.
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