First published online December 19, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.017772
The Plant Cell, Vol. 16, 5-20, January 2004,
www.plantcell.org ©2004, American Society of Plant Biologists
The ASK1 and ASK2 Genes Are Essential for Arabidopsis Early Development
Fuquan Liu1,a,
Weimin Ni1,b,
Megan E. Griffith1,a,
Zhiyuan Huanga,
Changqing Changa,
Wen Penga,
Hong Ma2,b and
Daoxin Xie2,a,c
a Laboratory of Plant Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 117609 Republic of Singapore
b Department of Biology, Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
c Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117604 Republic of Singapore
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail hxm16{at}psu.edu; fax 814-863-1357; or e-mail daoxin{at}imcb.a-star.edu.sg; fax 65-68727517
The requirement of CUL1 for Arabidopsis embryogenesis suggests that Skp1–CUL1–F-box protein (SCF) complexes play important roles during embryo development. Among the 21 Arabidopsis Skp1-like genes (ASKs), it is unknown which ASK gene(s) is essential for embryo development. In this study, we demonstrate a vital role for ASK1 and ASK2 in Arabidopsis embryogenesis and postembryonic development through analysis of the ask1 ask2 double mutant. Our detailed analysis indicates that the double mutations in both ASK1 and ASK2 affect cell division and cell expansion/elongation and cause a developmental delay during embryogenesis and lethality in seedling growth. The expression patterns of ASK1 and ASK2 were examined further and found to be consistent with their roles in embryogenesis and seedling development. We propose that mutations in ASK1 and ASK2 abolish all of the ASK1- and ASK2-based SCF and non-SCF complexes, resulting in alteration of gene expression and leading to defects in growth and development.
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