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Divergent Roles of a Pair of Homologous Jumonji/Zinc-Finger–Class Transcription Factor Proteins in the Regulation of Arabidopsis Flowering Time

^a Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Puk-Gu, Kwangju 500-712, Korea
^b Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
^c Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail noh{at}kkpc.com or bnoh{at}kkpc.com; fax 82-62-972-5085.

Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by multiple pathways, including the photoperiod pathway and the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-dependent pathway. Here, we report that a pair of related jumonji-class transcription factors, EARLY FLOWERING 6 (ELF6) and RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6), play divergent roles in the regulation of Arabidopsis flowering. ELF6 acts as a repressor in the photoperiod pathway, whereas REF6, which has the highest similarity to ELF6, is an FLC repressor. Ectopic expression studies and expression pattern analyses show that ELF6 and REF6 have different cellular roles and are also regulated differentially despite their sequence similarities. Repression of FLC expression by REF6 accompanies histone modifications in FLC chromatin, indicating that the transcriptional regulatory activity of this class of proteins includes chromatin remodeling. This report demonstrates the in vivo functions of this class of proteins in higher eukaryotes.

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