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First published online November 17, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.104.026765

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The Plant Cell 16:3496-3507 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

The N Terminus of Bacterial Elongation Factor Tu Elicits Innate Immunity in Arabidopsis Plants

Gernot Kunzea, Cyril Zipfela, Silke Robatzeka, Karsten Niehausb, Thomas Bollera and Georg Felixa,1

a Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Botanisches Institut der Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
b Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail georg.felix{at}unibas.ch; fax 41-61-267-23-30.

Innate immunity is based on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here, we show that elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), the most abundant bacterial protein, acts as a PAMP in Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae. EF-Tu is highly conserved in all bacteria and is known to be N-acetylated in Escherichia coli. Arabidopsis plants specifically recognize the N terminus of the protein, and an N-acetylated peptide comprising the first 18 amino acids, termed elf18, is fully active as inducer of defense responses. The shorter peptide, elf12, comprising the acetyl group and the first 12 N-terminal amino acids, is inactive as elicitor but acts as a specific antagonist for EF-Tu–related elicitors. In leaves of Arabidopsis plants, elf18 induces an oxidative burst and biosynthesis of ethylene, and it triggers resistance to subsequent infection with pathogenic bacteria.




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