Plant Cell Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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First published online January 16, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.018044

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The Plant Cell 16:500-509 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

The YABBY Gene DROOPING LEAF Regulates Carpel Specification and Midrib Development in Oryza sativa

Takahiro Yamaguchia, Nobuhiro Nagasawaa,1, Shinji Kawasakib, Makoto Matsuokac, Yasuo Nagatoa and Hiro-Yuki Hiranoa,2

a Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
b National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
c Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan

2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail ahirano{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp; fax 81-3-5841-5063

In this article, we report that carpel specification in the Oryza sativa (rice) flower is regulated by the floral homeotic gene DROOPING LEAF (DL) that is distinct from the well-known ABC genes. Severe loss-of-function mutations of DL cause complete homeotic transformation of carpels into stamens. Molecular cloning reveals that DL is a member of the YABBY gene family and is closely related to the CRABS CLAW (CRC) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. DL is expressed in the presumptive region (carpel anlagen), where carpel primordia would initiate, and in carpel primordia. These results suggest that carpel specification is regulated by DL in rice flower development. Whereas CRC plays only a partial role in carpel identity, DL may have been recruited to have the more essential function of specifying carpels during the evolution of rice. We also show that DL interacts antagonistically with class B genes and controls floral meristem determinacy. In addition, severe and weak dl alleles fail to form a midrib in the leaf. The phenotypic analysis of dl mutants, together with analyses of the spatial expression patterns and ectopic expression of DL, demonstrate that DL regulates midrib formation by promoting cell proliferation in the central region of the rice leaf.


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