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First published online June 18, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.021345

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The Plant Cell 16:1667-1678 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

Widespread Paleopolyploidy in Model Plant Species Inferred from Age Distributions of Duplicate Genes

Guillaume Blanca,b,1 and Kenneth H. Wolfea

a Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
b Laboratoire Information Génomique et Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR 2589, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail g_blanc{at}univ-perp.fr; fax 33-4-91164549.

It is often anticipated that many of today's diploid plant species are in fact paleopolyploids. Given that an ancient large-scale duplication will result in an excess of relatively old duplicated genes with similar ages, we analyzed the timing of duplication of pairs of paralogous genes in 14 model plant species. Using EST contigs (unigenes), we identified pairs of paralogous genes in each species and used the level of synonymous nucleotide substitution to estimate the relative ages of gene duplication. For nine of the investigated species (wheat [Triticum aestivum], maize [Zea mays], tetraploid cotton [Gossypium hirsutum], diploid cotton [G. arboretum], tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum], potato [Solanum tuberosum], soybean [Glycine max], barrel medic [Medicago truncatula], and Arabidopsis thaliana), the age distributions of duplicated genes contain peaks corresponding to short evolutionary periods during which large numbers of duplicated genes were accumulated. Large-scale duplications (polyploidy or aneuploidy) are strongly suspected to be the cause of these temporal peaks of gene duplication. However, the unusual age profile of tandem gene duplications in Arabidopsis indicates that other scenarios, such as variation in the rate at which duplicated genes are deleted, must also be considered.


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