This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) PPT slides of all figures Supplemental Data All Versions of this Article: 16/7/1741    most recent tpc.021980v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Web of Science (30) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Qi, Y. Articles by Ding, B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Qi, Y. Articles by Ding, B. Agricola Articles by Qi, Y. Articles by Ding, B.

Direct Role of a Viroid RNA Motif in Mediating Directional RNA Trafficking across a Specific Cellular Boundary

^a Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
^b Unité Mixte de Recherche 6547 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Biomove, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
^c Centrum Grüne Gentechnik, Gene Silencing and Epigenetics, 67435 Neustadt-Mußbach, Germany

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail ding.35{at}osu.edu; fax 614-292-5379.

The plasmodesmata and phloem form a symplasmic network that mediates direct cell–cell communication and transport throughout a plant. Selected endogenous RNAs, viral RNAs, and viroids traffic between specific cells or organs via this network. Whether an RNA itself has structural motifs to potentiate trafficking is not well understood. We have used mutational analysis to identify a motif that the noncoding Potato spindle tuber viroid RNA evolved to potentiate its efficient trafficking from the bundle sheath into mesophyll that is vital to establishing systemic infection in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Surprisingly, this motif is not necessary for trafficking in the reverse direction (i.e., from the mesophyll to bundle sheath). It is not required for trafficking between other cell types either. We also found that the requirement for this motif to mediate bundle sheath-to-mesophyll trafficking is dependent on leaf developmental stages. Our results provide genetic evidence that (1) RNA structural motifs can play a direct role in mediating trafficking across a cellular boundary in a defined direction, (2) the bundle sheath–mesophyll boundary serves as a novel regulatory point for RNA trafficking between the phloem and nonvascular tissues, and (3) the symplasmic network remodels its capacity to traffic RNAs during plant development. These findings may help further studies to elucidate the interactions between RNA motifs and cellular factors that potentiate directional trafficking across specific cellular boundaries.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				F. Di Serio, A.-E. Martinez de Alba, B. Navarro, A. Gisel, and R. Flores RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 Delays Accumulation and Precludes Meristem Invasion of a Viroid That Replicates in the Nucleus J. Virol., March 1, 2010; 84(5): 2477 - 2489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Banerjee, T. Lin, and D. J. Hannapel Untranslated Regions of a Mobile Transcript Mediate RNA Metabolism Plant Physiology, December 1, 2009; 151(4): 1831 - 1843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Bernad, N. Duran-Vila, and S. F. Elena Effect of citrus hosts on the generation, maintenance and evolutionary fate of genetic variability of citrus exocortis viroid J. Gen. Virol., August 1, 2009; 90(8): 2040 - 2049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Li, K. Zhang, X. Zeng, S. Jackson, Y. Zhou, and Y. Hong A cis Element within Flowering Locus T mRNA Determines Its Mobility and Facilitates Trafficking of Heterologous Viral RNA J. Virol., April 15, 2009; 83(8): 3540 - 3548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Zhong, A. J. Archual, A. A. Amin, and B. Ding A Genomic Map of Viroid RNA Motifs Critical for Replication and Systemic Trafficking PLANT CELL, January 1, 2008; 20(1): 35 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kalantidis, M. A. Denti, S. Tzortzakaki, E. Marinou, M. Tabler, and M. Tsagris Virp1 Is a Host Protein with a Major Role in Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection in Nicotiana Plants J. Virol., December 1, 2007; 81(23): 12872 - 12880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Owens and T. Baumstark Structural differences within the loop E motif imply alternative mechanisms of viroid processing RNA, June 1, 2007; 13(6): 824 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Gopinath and C. C. Kao Replication-Independent Long-Distance Trafficking by Viral RNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana PLANT CELL, April 1, 2007; 19(4): 1179 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Banerjee, M. Chatterjee, Y. Yu, S.-G. Suh, W. A. Miller, and D. J. Hannapel Dynamics of a Mobile RNA of Potato Involved in a Long-Distance Signaling Pathway PLANT CELL, December 1, 2006; 18(12): 3443 - 3457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Qi, X. Zhong, A. Itaya, and B. Ding Dissecting RNA silencing in protoplasts uncovers novel effects of viral suppressors on the silencing pathway at the cellular level Nucleic Acids Res., December 15, 2004; 32(22): e179 - e179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]