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Arabidopsis Formin AtFH6 Is a Plasma Membrane–Associated Protein Upregulated in Giant Cells Induced by Parasitic Nematodes

^a Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis BP167, France
^b Institut des Sciences Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
^c Unité Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 384, BP38 63001, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
^d Institute of Signaling, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6543, Centre de Biochimie, Université de Nice, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail abad{at}antibes.inra.fr; fax 33-492386587.

Plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne spp induce an elaborate permanent feeding site characterized by the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells. We have isolated by a promoter trap strategy an Arabidopsis thaliana formin gene, AtFH6, which is upregulated during giant cell formation. Formins are actin-nucleating proteins that stimulate de novo polymerization of actin filaments. We show here that three type-I formins were upregulated in giant cells and that the AtFH6 protein was anchored to the plasma membrane and uniformly distributed. Suppression of the budding defect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae bni1 bnr1 mutant showed that AtFH6 regulates polarized growth by controlling the assembly of actin cables. Our results suggest that AtFH6 might be involved in the isotropic growth of hypertrophied feeding cells via the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cables would serve as tracks for vesicle trafficking needed for extensive plasma membrane and cell wall biogenesis. Therefore, determining how plant parasitic nematodes modify root cells into giant cells represents an attractive system to identify genes that regulate cell growth and morphogenesis.

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