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RNA Interference Identifies a Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Involved in Medicago truncatula Root Development

^a Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
^b Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
^c Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
^d Plant Science Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail gantt001{at}tc.umn.edu; fax 612-625-1738.

Changes in cellular or subcellular Ca²⁺ concentrations play essential roles in plant development and in the responses of plants to their environment. However, the mechanisms through which Ca²⁺ acts, the downstream signaling components, as well as the relationships among the various Ca²⁺-dependent processes remain largely unknown. Using an RNA interference–based screen for gene function in Medicago truncatula, we identified a gene that is involved in root development. Silencing Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinase1 (CDPK1), which is predicted to encode a Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinase, resulted in significantly reduced root hair and root cell lengths. Inactivation of CDPK1 is also associated with significant diminution of both rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiotic colonization. Additionally, microarray analysis revealed that silencing CDPK1 alters cell wall and defense-related gene expression. We propose that M. truncatula CDPK1 is a key component of one or more signaling pathways that directly or indirectly modulates cell expansion or cell wall synthesis, possibly altering defense gene expression and symbiotic interactions.

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