First published online March 16, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.104.029272
The Plant Cell 17:1090-1104 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
Sites and Regulation of Auxin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Roots
Karin Ljunga,
Anna K. Hullb,
John Celenzac,
Masashi Yamadad,
Mark Estelled,
Jennifer Normanlye and
Göran Sandberga,1
a Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
b Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer USA, Newark, Delaware 19711
c Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
d Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
e Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail goran.sandberg{at}genfys.slu.se; fax 46-90-786-8165.
Auxin has been shown to be important for many aspects of root development, including initiation and emergence of lateral roots, patterning of the root apical meristem, gravitropism, and root elongation. Auxin biosynthesis occurs in both aerial portions of the plant and in roots; thus, the auxin required for root development could come from either source, or both. To monitor putative internal sites of auxin synthesis in the root, a method for measuring indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis with tissue resolution was developed. We monitored IAA synthesis in 0.5- to 2-mm sections of Arabidopsis thaliana roots and were able to identify an important auxin source in the meristematic region of the primary root tip as well as in the tips of emerged lateral roots. Lower but significant synthesis capacity was observed in tissues upward from the tip, showing that the root contains multiple auxin sources. Root-localized IAA synthesis was diminished in a cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double knockout, suggesting an important role for Trp-dependent IAA synthesis pathways in the root. We present a model for how the primary root is supplied with auxin during early seedling development.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Normanly
Approaching Cellular and Molecular Resolution of Auxin Biosynthesis and Metabolism
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol,
January 1, 2010;
2(1):
a001594 - a001594.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Rawat, J. Schwartz, M. A. Jones, I. Sairanen, Y. Cheng, C. R. Andersson, Y. Zhao, K. Ljung, and S. L. Harmer
REVEILLE1, a Myb-like transcription factor, integrates the circadian clock and auxin pathways
PNAS,
September 29, 2009;
106(39):
16883 - 16888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Peret, A. Larrieu, and M. J. Bennett
Lateral root emergence: a difficult birth
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 1, 2009;
60(13):
3637 - 3643.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Grunewald, G. van Noorden, G. Van Isterdael, T. Beeckman, G. Gheysen, and U. Mathesius
Manipulation of Auxin Transport in Plant Roots during Rhizobium Symbiosis and Nematode Parasitism
PLANT CELL,
September 1, 2009;
21(9):
2553 - 2562.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Yamada, K. Greenham, M. J. Prigge, P. J. Jensen, and M. Estelle
The TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2009;
151(1):
168 - 179.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Petrasek and J. Friml
Auxin transport routes in plant development
Development,
August 15, 2009;
136(16):
2675 - 2688.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. V. Petersson, A. I. Johansson, M. Kowalczyk, A. Makoveychuk, J. Y. Wang, T. Moritz, M. Grebe, P. N. Benfey, G. Sandberg, and K. Ljung
An Auxin Gradient and Maximum in the Arabidopsis Root Apex Shown by High-Resolution Cell-Specific Analysis of IAA Distribution and Synthesis
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2009;
21(6):
1659 - 1668.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Sun, Y. Xu, S. Ye, H. Jiang, Q. Chen, F. Liu, W. Zhou, R. Chen, X. Li, O. Tietz, et al.
Arabidopsis ASA1 Is Important for Jasmonate-Mediated Regulation of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport during Lateral Root Formation
PLANT CELL,
May 1, 2009;
21(5):
1495 - 1511.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Titapiwatanakun and A. S. Murphy
Post-transcriptional regulation of auxin transport proteins: cellular trafficking, protein phosphorylation, protein maturation, ubiquitination, and membrane composition
J. Exp. Bot.,
March 1, 2009;
60(4):
1093 - 1107.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Pfalz, H. Vogel, and J. Kroymann
The Gene Controlling the Indole Glucosinolate Modifier1 Quantitative Trait Locus Alters Indole Glucosinolate Structures and Aphid Resistance in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
March 1, 2009;
21(3):
985 - 999.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. D. Ioio, K. Nakamura, L. Moubayidin, S. Perilli, M. Taniguchi, M. T. Morita, T. Aoyama, P. Costantino, and S. Sabatini
A Genetic Framework for the Control of Cell Division and Differentiation in the Root Meristem
Science,
November 28, 2008;
322(5906):
1380 - 1384.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Ehlert, M. A. Schottler, G. Tischendorf, J. Ludwig-Muller, and R. Bock
The paramutated SULFUREA locus of tomato is involved in auxin biosynthesis
J. Exp. Bot.,
October 1, 2008;
59(13):
3635 - 3647.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. J. Carrier, N. T. A. Bakar, R. Swarup, R. Callaghan, R. M. Napier, M. J. Bennett, and I. D. Kerr
The Binding of Auxin to the Arabidopsis Auxin Influx Transporter AUX1
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2008;
148(1):
529 - 535.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Calderon-Vazquez, E. Ibarra-Laclette, J. Caballero-Perez, and L. Herrera-Estrella
Transcript profiling of Zea mays roots reveals gene responses to phosphate deficiency at the plant- and species-specific levels
J. Exp. Bot.,
June 6, 2008;
(2008)
ern115v2.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Desgagne-Penix and V. M. Sponsel
Expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase1 (AtGA20ox1) in Arabidopsis seedlings with altered auxin status is regulated at multiple levels
J. Exp. Bot.,
May 1, 2008;
59(8):
2057 - 2070.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Hahn, R. Zimmermann, D. Wanke, K. Harter, and H. G. Edelmann
The Root Cap Determines Ethylene-Dependent Growth and Development in Maize Roots
Mol Plant,
March 1, 2008;
1(2):
359 - 367.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Lucas, C. Godin, C. Jay-Allemand, and L. Laplaze
Auxin fluxes in the root apex co-regulate gravitropism and lateral root initiation
J. Exp. Bot.,
January 1, 2008;
59(1):
55 - 66.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. I. Kim, A. Sharkhuu, J. B. Jin, P. Li, J. C. Jeong, D. Baek, S. Y. Lee, J. J. Blakeslee, A. S. Murphy, H. J. Bohnert, et al.
yucca6, a Dominant Mutation in Arabidopsis, Affects Auxin Accumulation and Auxin-Related Phenotypes
Plant Physiology,
November 1, 2007;
145(3):
722 - 735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Li, H. Ilarslan, M. G. James, A. M. Myers, and E. S. Wurtele
Genome wide co-expression among the starch debranching enzyme genes AtISA1, AtISA2, and AtISA3 in Arabidopsis thaliana
J. Exp. Bot.,
September 20, 2007;
(2007)
erm180v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Kusnierczyk, P. Winge, H. Midelfart, W. S. Armbruster, J. T. Rossiter, and A. M. Bones
Transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes with different glucosinolate profiles after attack by polyphagous Myzus persicae and oligophagous Brevicoryne brassicae
J. Exp. Bot.,
July 11, 2007;
(2007)
erm043v2.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. N. Stepanova, J. Yun, A. V. Likhacheva, and J. M. Alonso
Multilevel Interactions between Ethylene and Auxin in Arabidopsis Roots
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2007;
19(7):
2169 - 2185.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Swarup, P. Perry, D. Hagenbeek, D. Van Der Straeten, G. T.S. Beemster, G. Sandberg, R. Bhalerao, K. Ljung, and M. J. Bennett
Ethylene Upregulates Auxin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Seedlings to Enhance Inhibition of Root Cell Elongation
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2007;
19(7):
2186 - 2196.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Ruzicka, K. Ljung, S. Vanneste, R. Podhorska, T. Beeckman, J. Friml, and E. Benkova
Ethylene Regulates Root Growth through Effects on Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport-Dependent Auxin Distribution
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2007;
19(7):
2197 - 2212.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Wu, D. R. Lewis, and E. P. Spalding
Mutations in Arabidopsis Multidrug Resistance-Like ABC Transporters Separate the Roles of Acropetal and Basipetal Auxin Transport in Lateral Root Development
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2007;
19(6):
1826 - 1837.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. R. Lewis, N. D. Miller, B. L. Splitt, G. Wu, and E. P. Spalding
Separating the Roles of Acropetal and Basipetal Auxin Transport on Gravitropism with Mutations in Two Arabidopsis Multidrug Resistance-Like ABC Transporter Genes
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2007;
19(6):
1838 - 1850.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X.-J. Yin, S. Volk, K. Ljung, N. Mehlmer, K. Dolezal, F. Ditengou, S. Hanano, S. J. Davis, E. Schmelzer, G. Sandberg, et al.
Ubiquitin Lysine 63 Chain Forming Ligases Regulate Apical Dominance in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
June 1, 2007;
19(6):
1898 - 1911.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Chhun, Y. Uno, S. Taketa, T. Azuma, M. Ichii, T. Okamoto, and S. Tsurumi
Saturated humidity accelerates lateral root development in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings by increasing phloem-based auxin transport
J. Exp. Bot.,
May 1, 2007;
58(7):
1695 - 1704.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Jain, M. D. Poling, A. S. Karthikeyan, J. J. Blakeslee, W. A. Peer, B. Titapiwatanakun, A. S. Murphy, and K. G. Raghothama
Differential Effects of Sucrose and Auxin on Localized Phosphate Deficiency-Induced Modulation of Different Traits of Root System Architecture in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
May 1, 2007;
144(1):
232 - 247.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Trusov, J. E. Rookes, K. Tilbrook, D. Chakravorty, M. G. Mason, D. Anderson, J.-G. Chen, A. M. Jones, and J. R. Botella
Heterotrimeric G Protein {gamma} Subunits Provide Functional Selectivity in G{beta}{gamma} Dimer Signaling in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
April 1, 2007;
19(4):
1235 - 1250.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. M. Chilley, S. A. Casson, P. Tarkowski, N. Hawkins, K. L.-C. Wang, P. J. Hussey, M. Beale, J. R. Ecker, G. K. Sandberg, and K. Lindsey
The POLARIS Peptide of Arabidopsis Regulates Auxin Transport and Root Growth via Effects on Ethylene Signaling
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2006;
18(11):
3058 - 3072.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. E. Figueroa-Balderas, B. Garcia-Ponce, and M. Rocha-Sosa
Hormonal and Stress Induction of the Gene Encoding Common Bean Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase
Plant Physiology,
October 1, 2006;
142(2):
609 - 619.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Prayitno, B. G. Rolfe, and U. Mathesius
The Ethylene-Insensitive sickle Mutant of Medicago truncatula Shows Altered Auxin Transport Regulation during Nodulation
Plant Physiology,
September 1, 2006;
142(1):
168 - 180.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. H. Lee and H.-T. Cho
PINOID Positively Regulates Auxin Efflux in Arabidopsis Root Hair Cells and Tobacco Cells
PLANT CELL,
July 1, 2006;
18(7):
1604 - 1616.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. G. DUBROVSKY, G. A. GAMBETTA, A. HERNANDEZ-BARRERA, S. SHISHKOVA, and I. GONZALEZ
Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis: Developmental Window, Spatial Patterning, Density and Predictability
Ann. Bot.,
May 1, 2006;
97(5):
903 - 915.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. ALONI, E. ALONI, M. LANGHANS, and C. I. ULLRICH
Role of Cytokinin and Auxin in Shaping Root Architecture: Regulating Vascular Differentiation, Lateral Root Initiation, Root Apical Dominance and Root Gravitropism
Ann. Bot.,
May 1, 2006;
97(5):
883 - 893.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Paciorek and J. Friml
Auxin signaling
J. Cell Sci.,
April 1, 2006;
119(7):
1199 - 1202.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. E. van Noorden, J. J. Ross, J. B. Reid, B. G. Rolfe, and U. Mathesius
Defective Long-Distance Auxin Transport Regulation in the Medicago truncatula super numeric nodules Mutant
Plant Physiology,
April 1, 2006;
140(4):
1494 - 1506.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Vanneste, B. De Rybel, G. T.S. Beemster, K. Ljung, I. De Smet, G. Van Isterdael, M. Naudts, R. Iida, W. Gruissem, M. Tasaka, et al.
Cell Cycle Progression in the Pericycle Is Not Sufficient for SOLITARY ROOT/IAA14-Mediated Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana
PLANT CELL,
November 1, 2005;
17(11):
3035 - 3050.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. N. Stepanova, J. M. Hoyt, A. A. Hamilton, and J. M. Alonso
A Link between Ethylene and Auxin Uncovered by the Characterization of Two Root-Specific Ethylene-Insensitive Mutants in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL,
August 1, 2005;
17(8):
2230 - 2242.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|
|