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First published online April 13, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.104.030155

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The Plant Cell 17:1467-1481 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

Disruptions of the Arabidopsis Enoyl-CoA Reductase Gene Reveal an Essential Role for Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis in Cell Expansion during Plant Morphogenesis

Huanquan Zheng, Owen Rowland and Ljerka Kunst1

Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail kunst{at}interchange.ubc.ca; fax 604-822-6089.

In the absence of cell migration, plant architecture is largely determined by the direction and extent of cell expansion during development. In this report, we show that very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis plays an essential role in cell expansion. The Arabidopsis thaliana eceriferum10 (cer10) mutants exhibit severe morphological abnormalities and reduced size of aerial organs. These mutants are disrupted in the At3g55360 gene, previously identified as a gene coding for enoyl-CoA reductase (ECR), an enzyme required for VLCFA synthesis. The absence of ECR activity results in a reduction of cuticular wax load and affects VLCFA composition of seed triacylglycerols and sphingolipids, demonstrating in planta that ECR is involved in all VLCFA elongation reactions in Arabidopsis. Epidermal and seed-specific silencing of ECR activity resulted in a reduction of cuticular wax load and the VLCFA content of seed triacylglycerols, respectively, with no effects on plant morphogenesis, suggesting that the developmental phenotypes arise from abnormal sphingolipid composition. Cellular analysis revealed aberrant endocytic membrane traffic and defective cell expansion underlying the morphological defects of cer10 mutants.




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