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First published online July 8, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.033076

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The Plant Cell 17:2204-2216 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists

Control of Root Cap Formation by MicroRNA-Targeted Auxin Response Factors in Arabidopsis{boxw}

Jia-Wei Wanga,b, Ling-Jian Wanga, Ying-Bo Maoa,b, Wen-Juan Caia, Hong-Wei Xuea and Xiao-Ya Chena,1

a National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
b Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail xychen{at}sibs.ac.cn; fax 0086-21-54924015.

The plant root cap mediates the direction of root tip growth and protects internal cells. Root cap cells are continuously produced from distal stem cells, and the phytohormone auxin provides position information for root distal organization. Here, we identify the Arabidopsis thaliana auxin response factors ARF10 and ARF16, targeted by microRNA160 (miR160), as the controller of root cap cell formation. The Pro35S:MIR160 plants, in which the expression of ARF10 and ARF16 is repressed, and the arf10-2 arf16-2 double mutants display the same root tip defect, with uncontrolled cell division and blocked cell differentiation in the root distal region and show a tumor-like root apex and loss of gravity-sensing. ARF10 and ARF16 play a role in restricting stem cell niche and promoting columella cell differentiation; although functionally redundant, the two ARFs are indispensable for root cap development, and the auxin signal cannot bypass them to initiate columella cell production. In root, auxin and miR160 regulate the expression of ARF10 and ARF16 genes independently, generating a pattern consistent with root cap development. We further demonstrate that miR160-uncoupled production of ARF16 exerts pleiotropic effects on plant phenotypes, and miR160 plays an essential role in regulating Arabidopsis development and growth.




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